वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-39, verse-9

विपर्यये तु तत् सर्वं व्यर्थं भवति रावण ।
व्यसनं स्वामिवैगुण्यात् प्राप्नुवन्तीतरे जनाः ॥९॥

9. viparyaye tu tat sarvaṃ vyarthaṃ bhavati rāvaṇa ,
vyasanaṃ svāmivaiguṇyāt prāpnuvantītare janāḥ.

9. viparyaye tu tat sarvam vyartham bhavati rāvaṇa
vyasanam svāmivaiguṇyāt prāpnuvanti itare janāḥ

9. rāvaṇa tu viparyaye tat sarvam vyartham bhavati.
itare janāḥ svāmivaiguṇyāt vyasanam prāpnuvanti.

9. O Rāvaṇa, however, in the opposite situation, all that (righteousness, prosperity, gratification, and fame) becomes futile. Then, other people (the dependents or subjects) incur misfortune due to the master's deficiencies.

Words meanings summery:

• विपर्यये (viparyaye) - in the opposite situation (in the reverse, in the opposite case, in the reversal, in misfortune)

• तु (tu) - however (but, on the other hand, however, moreover)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the achievements of ministers) (that, this, it)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all that (all, every, whole, entire)

• व्यर्थम् (vyartham) - futile (useless, fruitless, vain, ineffective)

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes (he/she/it becomes, is, exists)

• रावण (rāvaṇa) - O Rāvaṇa (vocative) (Rāvaṇa (proper name))

• व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - misfortune (misfortune, calamity, distress, vice, addiction)

• स्वामिवैगुण्यात् (svāmivaiguṇyāt) - due to the master's deficiencies (from the master's fault/defect/bad quality)

• प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they incur (misfortune) (they obtain, they achieve, they reach, they suffer)

• इतरे (itare) - other (people/dependents) (other, the others)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people (dependents or subjects) (people, persons, creatures, subjects)

Words meanings and morphology

विपर्यये (viparyaye) - in the opposite situation (in the reverse, in the opposite case, in the reversal, in misfortune)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of viparyaya

viparyaya - reversal, inverse, opposite case, misfortune, failure, perversion

From prefix vi- + pari- + root √i (to go) + suffix -a

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: i (class 2)

तु (tu) - however (but, on the other hand, however, moreover)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the achievements of ministers) (that, this, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it (demonstrative/anaphoric pronoun)

Nominative/Accusative singular neuter form.

Note: Functions as the subject of 'bhavati'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all that (all, every, whole, entire)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Nominative/Accusative singular neuter form.

व्यर्थम् (vyartham) - futile (useless, fruitless, vain, ineffective)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyartha

vyartha - useless, fruitless, vain, ineffective, purposeless

From vi- (privative prefix) + artha (purpose, wealth). Pravādi Tatpurusha.

Compound type : tatpurusha (pra-ādi-tatpurusha) (vi+artha)

• vi – apart, asunder, without, against
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• artha – aim, purpose, meaning, object, wealth, material gain
  noun (masculine)
  From root √ṛ (to go, move, attain)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'tat sarvam'.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes (he/she/it becomes, is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Tense

Root √bhū (to be), present tense active voice, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

रावण (rāvaṇa) - O Rāvaṇa (vocative) (Rāvaṇa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king of Laṅkā)

व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - misfortune (misfortune, calamity, distress, vice, addiction)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - misfortune, calamity, distress, trouble, vice, addiction, bad habit

From prefix vi- + root √as (to throw, send) + suffix -ana. Or, from vi- + √sy (to bind).

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Object of 'prāpnuvanti'.

स्वामिवैगुण्यात् (svāmivaiguṇyāt) - due to the master's deficiencies (from the master's fault/defect/bad quality)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of svāmivaiguṇya

svāmivaiguṇya - a master's fault, defect, or bad quality

Compound of svāmin (master) + vaiguṇya (defect, deficiency, bad quality).

Compound type : tatpurusha (svāmin+vaiguṇya)

• svāmin – owner, master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)
  From sva (own) + min (suffix)
• vaiguṇya – defect, deficiency, fault, bad quality, unsuitableness
  noun (neuter)
  From vi- (privative) + guṇa (quality) + -ya (nominalizing suffix).
  Prefix: vi

Note: Denotes the cause or reason.

प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they incur (misfortune) (they obtain, they achieve, they reach, they suffer)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of āp

Present Tense

From prefix pra- + root √āp (to obtain), present tense active voice, 3rd person plural.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

इतरे (itare) - other (people/dependents) (other, the others)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of itara

itara - other, another, different; the rest

Note: Modifies 'janāḥ'.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people (dependents or subjects) (people, persons, creatures, subjects)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, creature, folk, people, subject

From root √jan (to be born, produce)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'prāpnuvanti'.