वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-39, verse-1

आज्ञप्तो राजवद्वाक्यं प्रतिकूलं निशाचरः ।
अब्रवीत् परुषं वाक्यं मारीचो राक्षसाधिपम् ॥१॥

1. ājñapto rājavadvākyaṃ pratikūlaṃ niśācaraḥ ,
abravīt paruṣaṃ vākyaṃ mārīco rākṣasādhipam.

1. ājñaptaḥ rājavat vākyam pratikūlam niśācaraḥ
abravīt paruṣam vākyam mārīcaḥ rākṣasādhipam

1. niśācaraḥ mārīcaḥ rājavat vākyam pratikūlam
ājñaptaḥ paruṣam vākyam rākṣasādhipam abravīt

1. Maricha, the night-ranger, when commanded with a king-like speech that was adverse, then spoke harsh words to the lord of rakshasas (Ravana).

Words meanings summery:

• आज्ञप्तः (ājñaptaḥ) - commanded (commanded, ordered)

• राजवत् (rājavat) - like a king's (like a king, as a king)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech (word, speech, sentence)

• प्रतिकूलम् (pratikūlam) - adverse (adverse, unfavorable, contrary)

• निशाचरः (niśācaraḥ) - night-ranger (referring to Maricha) (night-wanderer, rakshasa)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh (harsh, rough, cruel)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (word, speech, sentence)

• मारीचः (mārīcaḥ) - Maricha (Maricha (proper name))

• राक्षसाधिपम् (rākṣasādhipam) - to the lord of rakshasas (Ravana) (lord of rakshasas (accusative))

Words meanings and morphology

आज्ञप्तः (ājñaptaḥ) - commanded (commanded, ordered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ājñapta

ājñapta - commanded, instructed, ordered

Past Passive Participle

From root jñā (to know) with prefix ā, causative stem jñāpay (to make known, command) and suffix -ta.

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

राजवत् (rājavat) - like a king's (like a king, as a king)

(indeclinable)

From rājan with the suffix vat (like, similar to). Functions adverbially or adjectivally.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech (word, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, declaration

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रतिकूलम् (pratikūlam) - adverse (adverse, unfavorable, contrary)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pratikūla

pratikūla - adverse, unfavorable, contrary, hostile

Compound of prati (against) + kūla (bank, shore, here figuratively 'opposite').

Compound type : Upapada-Tatpurusha (prati+kūla)

• prati – against, towards, opposite
  indeclinable
• kūla – bank, shore, edge, contrary
  noun (neuter)

निशाचरः (niśācaraḥ) - night-ranger (referring to Maricha) (night-wanderer, rakshasa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, rakshasa, thief

Compound of niśā (night) + cara (moving, wandering).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, wandering, going
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root car (to move, wander).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of abravīt.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

Root brū, Class 2, Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada.

Root: brū (class 2)

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh (harsh, rough, cruel)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe, unkind

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (word, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, declaration

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

मारीचः (mārīcaḥ) - Maricha (Maricha (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārīca

mārīca - Maricha (name of a Rakshasa)

Son of Marīci.

Note: Subject of abravīt.

राक्षसाधिपम् (rākṣasādhipam) - to the lord of rakshasas (Ravana) (lord of rakshasas (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasādhipa

rākṣasādhipa - lord of rakshasas, chief of demons

Tatpurusha compound: rākṣasa (rakshasa) + adhipa (lord).

Compound type : Genitive Tatpurusha (rākṣasa+adhipa)

• rākṣasa – rakshasa, demon
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, chief
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi (over) + pā (to protect, rule).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Recipient of the harsh words.