वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-39, verse-2

केनायमुपदिष्टस्ते विनाशः पापकर्मणा ।
सपुत्रस्य सराष्ट्रस्य सामात्यस्य निशाचर ॥२॥

2. kenāyamupadiṣṭaste vināśaḥ pāpakarmaṇā ,
saputrasya sarāṣṭrasya sāmātyasya niśācara.

2. kena ayam upadiṣṭaḥ te vināśaḥ pāpakarmaṇā
saputrasya saraṣṭrasya sāmātyasya niśācara

2. niśācara saputrasya saraṣṭrasya sāmātyasya
te ayam vināśaḥ pāpakarmaṇā kena upadiṣṭaḥ

2. O night-wanderer, by what evil-doer was this ruin, which involves you, your son, your kingdom, and your ministers, advised to you?

Words meanings summery:

• केन (kena) - by whom, by what

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• उपदिष्टः (upadiṣṭaḥ) - advised, instructed, taught

• ते (te) - to you, of you

• विनाशः (vināśaḥ) - destruction, ruin, loss

• पापकर्मणा (pāpakarmaṇā) - by an evil-doer, by an impious act

• सपुत्रस्य (saputrasya) - of one with a son, along with a son

• सरष्ट्रस्य (saraṣṭrasya) - of one with a kingdom, along with a kingdom

• सामात्यस्य (sāmātyasya) - of one with ministers, along with ministers

• निशाचर (niśācara) - O night-wanderer, O demon

Words meanings and morphology

केन (kena) - by whom, by what

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

उपदिष्टः (upadiṣṭaḥ) - advised, instructed, taught

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upadiṣṭa

upadiṣṭa - advised, instructed, taught

Past Passive Participle

From root diś (to point, show) with upasarga upa- (towards, near)

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

ते (te) - to you, of you

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form

विनाशः (vināśaḥ) - destruction, ruin, loss

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vināśa

vināśa - destruction, ruin, loss

From root naś (to perish) with upasarga vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

पापकर्मणा (pāpakarmaṇā) - by an evil-doer, by an impious act

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāpakarmaṇ

pāpakarmaṇ - evil-doer, one whose acts are evil

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pāpa+karman)

• pāpa – evil, bad, wicked, sin
  adjective (neuter)
• karman – action, deed, work
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

सपुत्रस्य (saputrasya) - of one with a son, along with a son

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saputra

saputra - having a son, together with a son

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+putra)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'te' (you/your)

सरष्ट्रस्य (saraṣṭrasya) - of one with a kingdom, along with a kingdom

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saraṣṭra

saraṣṭra - having a kingdom, together with a kingdom

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+rāṣṭra)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'te' (you/your)

सामात्यस्य (sāmātyasya) - of one with ministers, along with ministers

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sāmātya

sāmātya - having ministers, together with ministers

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+amātya)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• amātya – minister, companion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'te' (you/your)

निशाचर (niśācara) - O night-wanderer, O demon

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, goblin

Compound type : tatpurusha (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, going, wanderer
  noun (masculine)
  From root car (to move)
  Root: car (class 1)