वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-39, verse-8

धर्ममर्थं च कामं च यशश्च जयतां वर ।
स्वामिप्रसादात् सचिवाः प्राप्नुवन्ति निशाचर ॥८॥

8. dharmamarthaṃ ca kāmaṃ ca yaśaśca jayatāṃ vara ,
svāmiprasādāt sacivāḥ prāpnuvanti niśācara.

8. dharmam artham ca kāmam ca yaśaḥ ca jayatām
vara svāmiprasādāt sacivāḥ prāpnuvanti niśācara

8. jayatām vara niśācara sacivāḥ svāmiprasādāt dharmam ca artham ca kāmam ca yaśaḥ ca prāpnuvanti.

8. O best among conquerors, O night-wanderer (Rāvaṇa), ministers attain natural law (dharma), material prosperity, gratification, and fame through the favor of their master.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness (as an attainment) (natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution)

• अर्थम् (artham) - material prosperity (wealth, purpose, meaning, object, material gain)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• कामम् (kāmam) - gratification (desire, pleasure, love, gratification)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame (fame, glory, renown, reputation)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• जयताम् (jayatām) - of conquerors (vocative use) (of those who conquer, of conquerors)

• वर (vara) - O best (vocative) (best, excellent, choicest; a boon)

• स्वामिप्रसादात् (svāmiprasādāt) - through the favor of their master (from the favor/grace of the master/lord)

• सचिवाः (sacivāḥ) - ministers (ministers, companions, associates)

• प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they obtain (they obtain, they achieve, they reach)

• निशाचर (niśācara) - O night-wanderer (Rāvaṇa) (night-wanderer, demon, goblin)

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness (as an attainment) (natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, order, intrinsic nature, ethical conduct

From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support) + suffix -man

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अर्थम् (artham) - material prosperity (wealth, purpose, meaning, object, material gain)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - aim, purpose, meaning, object, wealth, material gain, prosperity

From root √ṛ (to go, move, attain)

Root: ṛ (class 3)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

कामम् (kāmam) - gratification (desire, pleasure, love, gratification)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, longing; pleasure, enjoyment, love, gratification

From root √kam (to desire)

Root: kam (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame (fame, glory, renown, reputation)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, renown, reputation, splendor

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

जयताम् (jayatām) - of conquerors (vocative use) (of those who conquer, of conquerors)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jayat

jayat - conquering, victorious, triumphing

Present Active Participle

From root √ji (to conquer, win) + suffix -at (śatṛ).

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Used in a vocative compound 'jayatām vara'.

वर (vara) - O best (vocative) (best, excellent, choicest; a boon)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest, finest; a boon, a blessing, a bridegroom

From root √vṛ (to choose, select).

Root: vṛ (class 9)

स्वामिप्रसादात् (svāmiprasādāt) - through the favor of their master (from the favor/grace of the master/lord)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of svāmiprasāda

svāmiprasāda - the favor or grace of a master or lord

Compound of svāmin (master) + prasāda (grace, favor).

Compound type : tatpurusha (svāmin+prasāda)

• svāmin – owner, master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)
  From sva (own) + min (suffix)
• prasāda – clearness, serenity, calmness; grace, favor, blessing, gift
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix pra- + root √sad (to sit, settle down) + suffix -a
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Denotes the source or cause.

सचिवाः (sacivāḥ) - ministers (ministers, companions, associates)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saciva

saciva - a companion, associate, minister, helper

From sa- + civa (from √ci to gather, or √civ to serve)

प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they obtain (they obtain, they achieve, they reach)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of āp

Present Tense

From prefix pra- + root √āp (to obtain), present tense active voice, 3rd person plural.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

निशाचर (niśācara) - O night-wanderer (Rāvaṇa) (night-wanderer, demon, goblin)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, night-prowler, demon, goblin, rākṣasa

Compound of niśā (night) + cara (mover, wanderer). Upapada tatpuruṣa.

Compound type : tatpurusha (upapada) (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, wandering, going; one who moves
  noun (masculine)
  From root √car (to move, wander)
  Root: car (class 1)

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