वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-39, verse-7

अमात्यैः कामवृत्तो हि राजा कापथमाश्रितः ।
निग्राह्यः सर्वथा सद्भिर्न निग्राह्यो निगृह्यसे ॥७॥

7. amātyaiḥ kāmavṛtto hi rājā kāpathamāśritaḥ ,
nigrāhyaḥ sarvathā sadbhirna nigrāhyo nigṛhyase.

7. amātyaiḥ kāmavṛttaḥ hi rājā kāpatham āśritaḥ
nigrāhyaḥ sarvathā sadbhiḥ na nigrāhyaḥ nigṛhyase

7. hi kāmavṛttaḥ kāpatham āśritaḥ rājā sadbhiḥ amātyaiḥ sarvathā nigrāhyaḥ.
(tvam) nigṛhyase,
(kintu) na nigrāhyaḥ (asi).

7. Indeed, a king who is self-willed and has resorted to a wrong path must be restrained in every way by good ministers. Yet, you are being restrained (by external forces), even though you are not one who should be so restrained (by others).

Words meanings summery:

• अमात्यैः (amātyaiḥ) - by ministers (good ministers are implied by 'sadbhiḥ') (by ministers, by counselors, by companions)

• कामवृत्तः (kāmavṛttaḥ) - self-willed (king) (self-willed, acting as one pleases, willful, unrestrained)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

• कापथम् (kāpatham) - a wrong path (wrong path, evil course, bad road)

• आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - having resorted to (a wrong path) (resorted to, taken refuge in, taken up, dependent on)

• निग्राह्यः (nigrāhyaḥ) - to be restrained (to be restrained, deserving restraint, punishable)

• सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way (in every way, by all means, entirely, completely)

• सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by good ministers/counselors (by good people, by the virtuous, by the wise)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• निग्राह्यः (nigrāhyaḥ) - one who should be restrained (in a way that prevents external restraint) (to be restrained, deserving restraint, punishable)

• निगृह्यसे (nigṛhyase) - you are being restrained (by external forces/circumstances) (you are restrained, you are held back, you are subdued)

Words meanings and morphology

अमात्यैः (amātyaiḥ) - by ministers (good ministers are implied by 'sadbhiḥ') (by ministers, by counselors, by companions)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of amātya

amātya - a minister, counselor, intimate companion, associate

From a- (not) + mātya (to be deliberated, from √mantr), implying one whose counsel is not to be left out. Or related to √am (to go, serve).

कामवृत्तः (kāmavṛttaḥ) - self-willed (king) (self-willed, acting as one pleases, willful, unrestrained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāmavṛtta

kāmavṛtta - acting according to one's own will or pleasure, self-willed, willful, licentious

Past Passive Participle (as part of a compound)

From kāma (desire) + vṛtta (behaved, acting, from √vṛt 'to be, exist'). Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāma+vṛtta)

• kāma – desire, wish, longing; love
  noun (masculine)
  From root √kam (to desire)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• vṛtta – behaved, acted, happened, existing; conduct, behavior
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √vṛt (to be, exist, behave) + suffix -ta
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rājā'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler, chief

Root √rāj (to shine, rule)

Root: rāj (class 1)

कापथम् (kāpatham) - a wrong path (wrong path, evil course, bad road)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāpatha

kāpatha - a bad road, wrong path, evil course

From ka- (bad, evil prefix) + patha (path).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ku+patha)

• ku – bad, evil, contemptible
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• patha – path, road, way, course
  noun (masculine)
  From root √path (to go, move)
  Root: path (class 1)

आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - having resorted to (a wrong path) (resorted to, taken refuge in, taken up, dependent on)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, taken up, based on, dependent on

Past Passive Participle

From prefix ā- + root √śri (to resort to, lean on) + suffix -ta

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rājā'.

निग्राह्यः (nigrāhyaḥ) - to be restrained (to be restrained, deserving restraint, punishable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nigrāhya

nigrāhya - to be restrained, to be checked, deserving restraint, punishable; to be taken hold of

Gerundive (Karmaṇi Kṛtya)

From prefix ni- + root √grah (to seize, restrain) + suffix -ya (kṛtya)

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'rājā'.

सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way (in every way, by all means, entirely, completely)

(indeclinable)

From sarva (all) + thā (suffix meaning 'in that manner').

सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by good ministers/counselors (by good people, by the virtuous, by the wise)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, wise, existing, real; a good person, a saint

Present Active Participle

Present participle of √as (to be) used as an adjective/noun.

Root: as (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

निग्राह्यः (nigrāhyaḥ) - one who should be restrained (in a way that prevents external restraint) (to be restrained, deserving restraint, punishable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nigrāhya

nigrāhya - to be restrained, to be checked, deserving restraint, punishable; to be taken hold of

Gerundive (Karmaṇi Kṛtya)

From prefix ni- + root √grah (to seize, restrain) + suffix -ya (kṛtya)

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

निगृह्यसे (nigṛhyase) - you are being restrained (by external forces/circumstances) (you are restrained, you are held back, you are subdued)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of grah

Present Tense

From prefix ni- + root √grah (to seize), present tense passive voice, 2nd person singular

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.