वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-39, verse-16

तदिदं काकतालीयं घोरमासादितं त्वया ।
अत्र किं शोभनं यत्त्वं ससैन्यो विनशिष्यसि ॥१६॥

16. tadidaṃ kākatālīyaṃ ghoramāsāditaṃ tvayā ,
atra kiṃ śobhanaṃ yattvaṃ sasainyo vinaśiṣyasi.

16. tat idam kākatālīyam ghoram āsāditam tvayā |
atra kim śobhanam yat tvam sasainyaḥ vinaśiṣyasi

16. tvayā idam tat ghoram kākatālīyam āsāditam atra
kim śobhanam yat tvam sasainyaḥ vinaśiṣyasi

16. You have encountered this terrible, sudden misfortune. What is good in this situation, that you, along with your army, will perish?

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that, this (referring to the misfortune) (that, it)

• इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the misfortune) (this)

• काकतालीयम् (kākatālīyam) - sudden misfortune, unexpected coincidence (accidental, coincidental, like the crow and the palm fruit)

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful (terrible, dreadful, awful, fearful)

• आसादितम् (āsāditam) - met with, encountered (attained, achieved, met with, encountered)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• अत्र (atra) - in this situation, here (here, in this, in this matter)

• किम् (kim) - what (interrogative pronoun/adverb) (what, why, whether)

• शोभनम् (śobhanam) - good, auspicious (good, beautiful, auspicious, excellent)

• यत् (yat) - that (conjunction introducing a clause) (that, which, because)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (referring to Rāvaṇa) (you)

• ससैन्यः (sasainyaḥ) - along with your army (with his army, accompanied by an army)

• विनशिष्यसि (vinaśiṣyasi) - will perish (will perish, will be destroyed, will vanish)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that, this (referring to the misfortune) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the situation.

इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the misfortune) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the situation.

काकतालीयम् (kākatālīyam) - sudden misfortune, unexpected coincidence (accidental, coincidental, like the crow and the palm fruit)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kākatālīya

kākatālīya - accidental, coincidental; (lit. 'of crow and palm-fruit', referring to a fable where a crow lands on a palm tree just as a fruit falls, seemingly caused by the crow but actually a coincidence)

Derived from kāka (crow) and tāla (palm tree/fruit) with -īya suffix.

Compound type : dvandva (kāka+tāla)

• kāka – crow
  noun (masculine)
• tāla – palm tree, palm fruit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with tat and idam.

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful (terrible, dreadful, awful, fearful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, awful, fearful, formidable

From root ghur (to be terrible)

Root: ghur

Note: Agrees with tat and idam.

आसादितम् (āsāditam) - met with, encountered (attained, achieved, met with, encountered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āsādita

āsādita - obtained, reached, met, encountered, achieved

Past Passive Participle

From ā (prefix) + sad (to sit, settle) + kta (suffix)

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tat and idam.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Note: Agent in the passive construction 'āsāditam tvayā'.

अत्र (atra) - in this situation, here (here, in this, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem a (this) + tra (suffix for place).

किम् (kim) - what (interrogative pronoun/adverb) (what, why, whether)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an interrogative adverb.

शोभनम् (śobhanam) - good, auspicious (good, beautiful, auspicious, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śobhana

śobhana - beautiful, excellent, good, auspicious, splendid

From root śubh (to shine, be beautiful)

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for an implied 'is'.

यत् (yat) - that (conjunction introducing a clause) (that, which, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introducing the clause explaining 'what is good'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (referring to Rāvaṇa) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Note: Subject of vinaśiṣyasi.

ससैन्यः (sasainyaḥ) - along with your army (with his army, accompanied by an army)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sasainya

sasainya - with an army, accompanied by troops, having an army

From sa (with) + sainya (army)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+sainya)

• sa – with, accompanied by, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'with' or 'together'.
• sainya – army, troops, military
  noun (neuter)
  From senā (army) + ya (suffix)

Note: Modifies tvam.

विनशिष्यसि (vinaśiṣyasi) - will perish (will perish, will be destroyed, will vanish)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vinaś

Future tense, Active voice, 2nd person singular

From vi (prefix) + root naś (to perish, class 4 parasmāipāda)

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: The subject is tvam.