वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-39, verse-14

स्वामिना प्रतिकूलेन प्रजास्तीक्ष्णेन रावण ।
रक्ष्यमाणा न वर्धन्ते मेषा गोमायुना यथा ॥१४॥

14. svāminā pratikūlena prajāstīkṣṇena rāvaṇa ,
rakṣyamāṇā na vardhante meṣā gomāyunā yathā.

14. svāminā pratikūlena prajāḥ tīkṣṇena rāvaṇa |
rakṣyamāṇāḥ na vardhante meṣāḥ gomāyunā yathā

14. rāvaṇa pratikūlena tīkṣṇena svāminā rakṣyamāṇāḥ
prajāḥ na vardhante yathā gomāyunā meṣāḥ

14. O Rāvaṇa, subjects who are protected by a hostile and cruel ruler do not prosper, just as sheep do not thrive when guarded by a jackal.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वामिना (svāminā) - by a ruler (by a master, by an owner, by a lord)

• प्रतिकूलेन (pratikūlena) - by a hostile (by a hostile, by an adverse, by an unfavorable)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects (subjects, people, progeny, creation)

• तीक्ष्णेन (tīkṣṇena) - by a cruel, by a harsh (by a sharp, by a keen, by a cruel, by a harsh)

• रावण (rāvaṇa) - O Rāvaṇa (proper noun in vocative) (O Rāvaṇa)

• रक्ष्यमाणाः (rakṣyamāṇāḥ) - being protected (being protected, being guarded)

• न (na) - not

• वर्धन्ते (vardhante) - prosper, thrive (grow, prosper, increase)

• मेषाः (meṣāḥ) - sheep

• गोमायुना (gomāyunā) - by a jackal

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, like)

Words meanings and morphology

स्वामिना (svāminā) - by a ruler (by a master, by an owner, by a lord)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svāmin

svāmin - master, owner, lord, husband, ruler

From svā (own) + -min (possessive suffix)

Root: svā

प्रतिकूलेन (pratikūlena) - by a hostile (by a hostile, by an adverse, by an unfavorable)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pratikūla

pratikūla - adverse, hostile, contrary, unfavorable

From prati (against) + kūla (bank, side)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prati+kūla)

• prati – against, towards, in return
  indeclinable
• kūla – bank, shore, side, vicinity
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with svāminā.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects (subjects, people, progeny, creation)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, people, subjects, creation

From pra-jan (to be born, produce)

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

तीक्ष्णेन (tīkṣṇena) - by a cruel, by a harsh (by a sharp, by a keen, by a cruel, by a harsh)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent, severe, harsh, cruel

From root tij (to be sharp) + kṣṇa suffix

Root: tij

Note: Agrees with svāminā.

रावण (rāvaṇa) - O Rāvaṇa (proper noun in vocative) (O Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king of Laṅkā)

रक्ष्यमाणाः (rakṣyamāṇāḥ) - being protected (being protected, being guarded)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of rakṣyamāṇa

rakṣyamāṇa - being protected, being guarded, being preserved

Present Passive Participle

From root rakṣ (to protect) + śānac (present participle suffix)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with prajāḥ.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

वर्धन्ते (vardhante) - prosper, thrive (grow, prosper, increase)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of vṛdh

Present tense, Middle voice, 3rd person plural

From root vṛdh (class 1, ātmanepada)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: The subject is prajāḥ.

मेषाः (meṣāḥ) - sheep

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of meṣa

meṣa - ram, sheep

गोमायुना (gomāyunā) - by a jackal

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gomāyu

gomāyu - jackal, fox, wolf

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, like)

(indeclinable)