वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-39, verse-20

निवार्यमाणस्तु मया हितैषिणा न मृष्यसे वाक्यमिदं निशाचर ।
परेतकल्पा हि गतायुषो नरा हितं न गृह्णन्ति सुहृद्भिरीरितम् ॥२०॥

20. nivāryamāṇastu mayā hitaiṣiṇā na mṛṣyase vākyamidaṃ niśācara ,
paretakalpā hi gatāyuṣo narā hitaṃ na gṛhṇanti suhṛdbhirīritam.

20. nivāryamāṇaḥ tu mayā hitaiṣiṇā na
mṛṣyase vākyam idam niśācara |
paretakalpāḥ hi gatāyuṣaḥ narāḥ
hitam na gṛhṇanti suhṛdbhiḥ īritam

20. niśācara,
mayā hitaiṣiṇā nivāryamāṇaḥ tu idam vākyam na mṛṣyase hi,
gatāyuṣaḥ paretakalpāḥ narāḥ suhṛdbhiḥ īritam hitam na gṛhṇanti

20. O night-wanderer, though you are being restrained by me, your well-wisher, you do not heed this advice. Indeed, people whose lives are effectively over, who are as good as dead, do not accept beneficial counsel given by their friends.

Words meanings summery:

• निवार्यमाणः (nivāryamāṇaḥ) - being prevented, being restrained, being hindered

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• मया (mayā) - by me, with me

• हितैषिणा (hitaiṣiṇā) - by a well-wisher, by one wishing good

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• मृष्यसे (mṛṣyase) - you heed (my advice) (you tolerate, you bear, you forgive)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - advice, counsel (statement, word, speech, sentence)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• निशाचर (niśācara) - O night-wanderer, O demon

• परेतकल्पाः (paretakalpāḥ) - like the dead, as if dead, almost dead

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• गतायुषः (gatāyuṣaḥ) - whose life is gone, whose age is past

• नराः (narāḥ) - men, people, human beings

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial counsel (beneficial, good, welfare, advice)

• गृह्णन्ति (gṛhṇanti) - they take, they accept, they seize

• सुहृद्भिः (suhṛdbhiḥ) - by friends, by well-wishers

• ईरितम् (īritam) - spoken, uttered, said

Words meanings and morphology

निवार्यमाणः (nivāryamāṇaḥ) - being prevented, being restrained, being hindered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivāryamāṇa

nivāryamāṇa - being prevented, being restrained

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛ' (to cover, restrain) with upasarga 'ni' and suffix 'śānac' (māṇa).

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Modifies the implied 'you' (tvam).

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

मया (mayā) - by me, with me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

हितैषिणा (hitaiṣiṇā) - by a well-wisher, by one wishing good

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hitaiṣin

hitaiṣin - well-wisher, benevolent, desiring good

Derived from 'hita' (good) and 'eṣin' (desiring).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (hita+eṣin)

• hita – good, beneficial, welfare
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhā' (to place) with prefix 'hi' (from sam-dhā) or root 'hi' itself.
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• eṣin – desiring, wishing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'iṣ' (to wish, desire) with suffix '-in'.
  Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'mayā'.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

मृष्यसे (mṛṣyase) - you heed (my advice) (you tolerate, you bear, you forgive)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of mṛṣ

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - advice, counsel (statement, word, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

Root: vac (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Modifies 'vākyam'.

निशाचर (niśācara) - O night-wanderer, O demon

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, goblin

Compound of 'niśā' (night) and 'cara' (wanderer).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – wanderer, mover, going
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'car' (to move, wander).
  Root: car (class 1)

परेतकल्पाः (paretakalpāḥ) - like the dead, as if dead, almost dead

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paretakalpa

paretakalpa - like the dead, similar to a departed one

Compound of 'pareta' (dead) and 'kalpa' (like, almost).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (pareta+kalpa)

• pareta – dead, departed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'i' (to go) with upasarga 'parā'.
  Prefix: parā
  Root: i (class 2)
• kalpa – like, similar to, almost
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix used to indicate 'like' or 'almost'.

Note: Modifies 'narāḥ'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

गतायुषः (gatāyuṣaḥ) - whose life is gone, whose age is past

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gatāyuṣ

gatāyuṣ - one whose life is gone, having lost life

Bahuvrihi compound 'gata' (gone) + 'āyuṣ' (life).

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (gata+āyuṣ)

• gata – gone, departed, past
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with suffix 'kta' (ta).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• āyuṣ – life, duration of life, age
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'narāḥ'.

नराः (narāḥ) - men, people, human beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Root: nṛ

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial counsel (beneficial, good, welfare, advice)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, good, welfare, placed, joined

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dhā' (to place) with prefix 'hi' (from sam-dhā) or root 'hi' itself.

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Used as a noun here, meaning 'benefit' or 'good advice'.

गृह्णन्ति (gṛhṇanti) - they take, they accept, they seize

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of grah

Formed with 'ṇā' (ṇā-pratyaya) in 9th class.

Root: grah (class 9)

सुहृद्भिः (suhṛdbhiḥ) - by friends, by well-wishers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, well-wisher, good-hearted

Compound of 'su' (good) + 'hṛd' (heart).

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
• hṛd – heart, mind
  noun (neuter)

ईरितम् (īritam) - spoken, uttered, said

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of īrita

īrita - spoken, uttered, moved, sent

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'īr' (to move, to send, to utter) with suffix 'kta' (ta).

Root: īr (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'hitam'.

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