वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-39, verse-5

केनेदमुपदिष्टं ते क्षुद्रेणाहितवादिना ।
यस्त्वामिच्छति नश्यन्तं स्वकृतेन निशाचर ॥५॥

5. kenedamupadiṣṭaṃ te kṣudreṇāhitavādinā ,
yastvāmicchati naśyantaṃ svakṛtena niśācara.

5. kena idam upadiṣṭam te kṣudreṇa ahitavādinā
yaḥ tvām icchati naśyantam svakṛtena niśācara

5. niśācara svakṛtena naśyantam tvām yaḥ icchati,
tena kṣudreṇa ahitavādinā idam te kena upadiṣṭam

5. O night-wanderer, by what vile and malevolent advisor, who desires your destruction through your own actions, was this advised to you?

Words meanings summery:

• केन (kena) - by whom, by what

• इदम् (idam) - this

• उपदिष्टम् (upadiṣṭam) - advised, instructed, taught

• ते (te) - to you, of you

• क्षुद्रेण (kṣudreṇa) - by a wretched/vile one, by a mean person

• अहितवादिना (ahitavādinā) - by an ill-wisher, by one speaking harmfully

• यः (yaḥ) - who

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• इच्छति (icchati) - desires, wishes

• नश्यन्तम् (naśyantam) - perishing, being destroyed

• स्वकृतेन (svakṛtena) - by one's own action/deed

• निशाचर (niśācara) - O night-wanderer, O demon

Words meanings and morphology

केन (kena) - by whom, by what

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

उपदिष्टम् (upadiṣṭam) - advised, instructed, taught

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upadiṣṭa

upadiṣṭa - advised, instructed, taught

Past Passive Participle

From root diś (to point, show) with upasarga upa- (towards, near)

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

ते (te) - to you, of you

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form

क्षुद्रेण (kṣudreṇa) - by a wretched/vile one, by a mean person

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣudra

kṣudra - small, mean, vile, wretched, wicked

Note: Agrees with 'kena'

अहितवादिना (ahitavādinā) - by an ill-wisher, by one speaking harmfully

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ahitavādin

ahitavādin - speaking what is not beneficial, ill-wisher, malevolent advisor

Compound type : tatpurusha (ahita+vādin)

• ahita – unfavorable, harmful, enemy
  adjective (neuter)
  Negation of hita (beneficial)
  Prefix: a
• vādin – speaker, saying, proclaiming
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root vad (to speak)
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kena' and 'kṣudreṇa'

यः (yaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'kena' (the advisor)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

इच्छति (icchati) - desires, wishes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

नश्यन्तम् (naśyantam) - perishing, being destroyed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naśyat

naśyat - perishing, being destroyed

Present Active Participle

From root naś (to perish)

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'tvām'

स्वकृतेन (svakṛtena) - by one's own action/deed

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of svakṛta

svakṛta - done by oneself, one's own action/deed

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+kṛta)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• kṛta – done, made, deed, act
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

निशाचर (niśācara) - O night-wanderer, O demon

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, goblin

Compound type : tatpurusha (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, going, wanderer
  noun (masculine)
  From root car (to move)
  Root: car (class 1)

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