वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-39, verse-17

मां निहत्य तु रामो ऽसौ नचिरात्त्वां वधिष्यति ।
अनेन कृतकृत्यो ऽस्मि म्रिये यदरिणा हतः ॥१७॥

17. māṃ nihatya tu rāmo'sau nacirāttvāṃ vadhiṣyati ,
anena kṛtakṛtyo'smi mriye yadariṇā hataḥ.

17. mām nihatya tu rāmaḥ asau nacirāt tvām vadhiṣyati
| anena kṛtakṛtyaḥ asmi mriye yat ariṇā hataḥ

17. asau rāmaḥ tu mām nihatya nacirāt tvām vadhiṣyati anena yat ariṇā hataḥ mriye,
kṛtakṛtyaḥ asmi

17. Having slain me, that Rāma will surely kill you soon. By this act, I consider my purpose fulfilled, that I die killed by an enemy.

Words meanings summery:

• माम् (mām) - me

• निहत्य (nihatya) - having slain (having killed, having struck down, having destroyed)

• तु (tu) - indeed, surely (but, indeed, however, moreover)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (proper noun) (Rāma)

• असौ (asau) - that (referring to Rāma) (that, that one)

• नचिरात् (nacirāt) - soon (soon, quickly, in no long time)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (referring to Rāvaṇa) (you)

• वधिष्यति (vadhiṣyati) - will kill (will kill, will strike, will slay)

• अनेन (anena) - by this (referring to the event of dying at enemy's hand) (by this, by that)

• कृतकृत्यः (kṛtakṛtyaḥ) - having accomplished my purpose, fulfilled (one whose duty is done, having accomplished one's purpose, fulfilled)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• म्रिये (mriye) - I die (I die, I perish)

• यत् (yat) - that, because (that, which, because)

• अरिणा (ariṇā) - by an enemy (by an enemy, by a foe)

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed (killed, struck, destroyed)

Words meanings and morphology

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (1st person pronoun)

Note: Object of nihatya.

निहत्य (nihatya) - having slain (having killed, having struck down, having destroyed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From ni (prefix) + han (to strike, kill) + lyap (suffix for absolutive with prefix)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

तु (tu) - indeed, surely (but, indeed, however, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (proper noun) (Rāma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of the seventh avatāra of Viṣṇu)

Note: Subject of vadhiṣyati.

असौ (asau) - that (referring to Rāma) (that, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one (demonstrative pronoun, referring to something distant or out of sight, or simply 'that one')

Note: Agrees with rāmaḥ.

नचिरात् (nacirāt) - soon (soon, quickly, in no long time)

(indeclinable)

From na (not) + cirāt (ablative of cira, meaning 'for a long time') -> 'not from a long time', hence 'soon'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+cirāt)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• cirāt – for a long time (ablative used adverbially)
  indeclinable
  Ablative singular of cira (long time), used adverbially.

Note: Adverb of time.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (referring to Rāvaṇa) (you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Note: Object of vadhiṣyati.

वधिष्यति (vadhiṣyati) - will kill (will kill, will strike, will slay)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of han

Future tense, Active voice, 3rd person singular

From root han (class 2 parasmāipāda), forms future with dh in vadhiṣ-

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The subject is rāmaḥ.

अनेन (anena) - by this (referring to the event of dying at enemy's hand) (by this, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the preceding or following statement (dying by enemy).

कृतकृत्यः (kṛtakṛtyaḥ) - having accomplished my purpose, fulfilled (one whose duty is done, having accomplished one's purpose, fulfilled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtakṛtya

kṛtakṛtya - one who has done what ought to be done, fulfilled, satisfied, accomplished his purpose

From kṛta (done, past passive participle of kṛ) + kṛtya (what ought to be done, gerundive of kṛ)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+kṛtya)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• kṛtya – to be done, duty, action
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root kṛ (to do, make) + tyā (suffix)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with implied subject aham (I).

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Present tense, Active voice, 1st person singular

From root as (class 2 parasmāipāda)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: The subject is aham (I), implied.

म्रिये (mriye) - I die (I die, I perish)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (lat) of mṛ

Present tense, Middle voice, 1st person singular

From root mṛ (class 6 ātmanepada)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: The subject is aham (I), implied.

यत् (yat) - that, because (that, which, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introducing the reason for feeling fulfilled.

अरिणा (ariṇā) - by an enemy (by an enemy, by a foe)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ari

ari - enemy, foe, rival

From root ṛ (to move, attack)

Root: ṛ

Note: Agent in the passive participle construction 'ariṇā hataḥ'.

हतः (hataḥ) - killed (killed, struck, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - struck, killed, wounded, destroyed, smitten

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill) + kta (suffix)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies the implied subject of mriye.

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