वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-93, verse-39

शत्रुघ्नश्चापि रामस्य ववन्दे चरणौ रुदन् ।
ताव् उभौ स समालिङ्ग्य रामो ऽप्यश्रूण्यवर्तयत् ॥३९॥

39. śatrughnaścāpi rāmasya vavande caraṇau rudan ,
tāv ubhau sa samāliṅgya rāmo'pyaśrūṇyavartayat.

39. śatrughnaḥ ca api rāmasya vavande caraṇau rudan
tau ubhau saḥ samāliṅgya rāmaḥ api aśrūṇi avartayat

39. rudan śatrughnaḥ ca api rāmasya caraṇau vavande
saḥ rāmaḥ tau ubhau samāliṅgya api aśrūṇi avartayat

39. Weeping, Shatrughna also bowed at Rama's feet. Rama then embraced both of them and also shed tears.

Words meanings summery:

• शत्रुघ्नः (śatrughnaḥ) - Shatrughna

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

• ववन्दे (vavande) - he bowed, saluted

• चरणौ (caraṇau) - two feet

• रुदन् (rudan) - weeping, crying

• तौ (tau) - those two (Bharata and Shatrughna) (those two)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (Bharata and Shatrughna) (both)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Rama) (he)

• समालिङ्ग्य (samāliṅgya) - having embraced

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• अपि (api) - also, even

• अश्रूणि (aśrūṇi) - tears

• अवर्तयत् (avartayat) - he shed, caused to flow

Words meanings and morphology

शत्रुघ्नः (śatrughnaḥ) - Shatrughna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatrughna

śatrughna - Shatrughna (name), slayer of foes

Compound of 'śatru' (enemy) and 'ghna' (slaying).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatru+ghna)

• śatru – enemy, foe, rival
  noun (masculine)
• ghna – slaying, destroying, killer
  adjective (masculine)
  From √han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'vavande'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic/additive particle.

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name), pleasing, black

Note: Possessive, 'Rama's feet'.

ववन्दे (vavande) - he bowed, saluted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of vand

Perfect tense

3rd person singular, perfect, middle voice (ātmanepada). Reduplicated stem.

Root: vand (class 1)

Note: The subject is Shatrughna.

चरणौ (caraṇau) - two feet

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of caraṇa

caraṇa - foot, leg, base, root

Note: Object of 'vavande'.

रुदन् (rudan) - weeping, crying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rudat

rudat - weeping, crying

Present Active Participle

From √rud (to weep). Masculine nominative singular.

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Shatrughna, describing his state.

तौ (tau) - those two (Bharata and Shatrughna) (those two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Masculine accusative dual form of 'tad'.

Note: Refers to Bharata and Shatrughna.

उभौ (ubhau) - both (Bharata and Shatrughna) (both)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Always dual.

Note: Qualifies 'tau'.

सः (saḥ) - he (Rama) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine form of 'tad'.

Note: Refers to Rama.

समालिङ्ग्य (samāliṅgya) - having embraced

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √liṅg (to embrace) with prefixes sam and ā. Used in compound form (lyap).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: liṅg (class 1)

Note: Describes an action preceding the main verb.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name), pleasing, black

Note: Subject of 'avartayat', reiterating 'saḥ'.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that Rama also shed tears.

अश्रूणि (aśrūṇi) - tears

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of aśru

aśru - tear, tears

Neuter U-stem noun.

Note: Object of 'avartayat'.

अवर्तयत् (avartayat) - he shed, caused to flow

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect (Causative)

3rd person singular, imperfect, causative stem. The 'a-' is the augment for past tense.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The subject is Rama.

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