वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-93, verse-30

यः संसदि प्रकृतिभिर्भवेद् युक्त उपासितुम् ।
वन्यैर्मृगैरुपासीनः सो ऽयमास्ते ममाग्रजः ॥३०॥

30. yaḥ saṃsadi prakṛtibhirbhaved yukta upāsitum ,
vanyairmṛgairupāsīnaḥ so'yamāste mamāgrajaḥ.

30. yaḥ saṃsadi prakṛtibhiḥ bhavet yuktaḥ upāsitum
vanyaiḥ mṛgaiḥ upāsīnaḥ saḥ ayam āste mama agrajaḥ

30. yaḥ saṃsadi prakṛtibhiḥ yuktaḥ upāsitum bhavet,
saḥ ayam mama agrajaḥ vanyaiḥ mṛgaiḥ upāsīnaḥ āste.

30. My elder brother, who should rightly be honored and attended by his subjects (prakṛti) in an assembly, now sits here, attended by wild animals.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - He who (referring to Rama) (who, he who)

• संसदि (saṁsadi) - in an assembly (in an assembly, in a council)

• प्रकृतिभिः (prakṛtibhiḥ) - by his subjects (prakṛti) or ministers (by nature, by elements, by subjects, by ministers)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (may be, should be, would be)

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - fit, suitable, honored (joined, endowed, fit, suitable, engaged)

• उपासितुम् (upāsitum) - to be served, to be honored (to serve, to attend, to honor, to worship)

• वन्यैः (vanyaiḥ) - by wild (animals) (by wild (creatures/things))

• मृगैः (mṛgaiḥ) - by wild animals (by deer, by animals)

• उपासीनः (upāsīnaḥ) - attended by (animals) (sitting near, attending, serving)

• सः (saḥ) - that one (referring to Rama) (he, that)

• अयम् (ayam) - this one (referring to Rama) (this, this one)

• आस्ते (āste) - sits (sits, dwells, stays)

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• अग्रजः (agrajaḥ) - elder brother (Rama) (elder brother, first-born)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - He who (referring to Rama) (who, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun

संसदि (saṁsadi) - in an assembly (in an assembly, in a council)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of saṃsad

saṁsad - assembly, council, court

Prefix: sam

Root: sad (class 1)

प्रकृतिभिः (prakṛtibhiḥ) - by his subjects (prakṛti) or ministers (by nature, by elements, by subjects, by ministers)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of prakṛti

prakṛti - nature (prakṛti), origin, cause, primary matter, subjects, ministers

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (may be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Potential mood

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - fit, suitable, honored (joined, endowed, fit, suitable, engaged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, endowed with, fit, suitable, engaged, connected

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yuj

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'yaḥ'

उपासितुम् (upāsitum) - to be served, to be honored (to serve, to attend, to honor, to worship)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the verb upā-ās

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Expresses purpose or potential

वन्यैः (vanyaiḥ) - by wild (animals) (by wild (creatures/things))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vanya

vanya - of the forest, wild, savage

Derived from vana (forest)

Note: Qualifies 'mṛgaiḥ'

मृगैः (mṛgaiḥ) - by wild animals (by deer, by animals)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mṛga

mṛga - deer, wild animal, game

Note: Agent in 'attended by'

उपासीनः (upāsīnaḥ) - attended by (animals) (sitting near, attending, serving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāsīna

upāsīna - sitting near, attending, serving, worshipping

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from root ās with prefixes upa and ā

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ ayam'

सः (saḥ) - that one (referring to Rama) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun

अयम् (ayam) - this one (referring to Rama) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, used with 'saḥ' for emphasis

आस्ते (āste) - sits (sits, dwells, stays)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ās

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Ātmanepada verb

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Pronominal declension

अग्रजः (agrajaḥ) - elder brother (Rama) (elder brother, first-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agraja

agraja - elder brother, first-born

Derived from agra (front) + jan (to be born)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agra+ja)

• agra – front, first, foremost
  noun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Suffix
  Derived from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of āste

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