वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-93, verse-38

बाष्पापिहित कण्ठश्च प्रेक्ष्य रामं यशस्विनम् ।
आर्येत्येवाभिसंक्रुश्य व्याहर्तुं नाशकत्ततः ॥३८॥

38. bāṣpāpihita kaṇṭhaśca prekṣya rāmaṃ yaśasvinam ,
āryetyevābhisaṃkruśya vyāhartuṃ nāśakattataḥ.

38. bāṣpāpihita kaṇṭhaḥ ca prekṣya rāmam yaśasvinam ārya
iti eva abhisaṃkruśya vyāhartum na aśakat tataḥ

38. tataḥ bāṣpāpihita kaṇṭhaḥ ca yaśasvinam rāmam prekṣya
ārya iti eva abhisaṃkruśya vyāhartum na aśakat

38. And then, his throat choked with tears, upon seeing the glorious Rama, he cried out "O noble one!" but was unable to speak further.

Words meanings summery:

• बाष्पापिहित (bāṣpāpihita) - covered by tears, choked with tears

• कण्ठः (kaṇṭhaḥ) - throat, neck

• च (ca) - and, also

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having beheld

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

• यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - glorious, famous, renowned

• आर्य (ārya) - O noble one! O respected one!

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• अभिसंक्रुश्य (abhisaṁkruśya) - having cried out, having shouted

• व्याहर्तुम् (vyāhartum) - to speak, to utter

• न (na) - not

• अशकत् (aśakat) - he was able

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, after that, from there

Words meanings and morphology

बाष्पापिहित (bāṣpāpihita) - covered by tears, choked with tears

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāṣpāpihita

bāṣpāpihita - covered by tears, choked with tears

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'bāṣpa' (tears) and 'āpihita' (covered), PPP of √dhā (to place) with prefixes ā and apa.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṣpa+āpihita)

• bāṣpa – tears, vapor, steam
  noun (masculine)
• āpihita – covered, hidden, concealed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √dhā (to place) with prefixes ā and apa.
  Prefixes: ā+apa
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (e.g., Bharata) whose throat is choked.

कण्ठः (kaṇṭhaḥ) - throat, neck

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaṇṭha

kaṇṭha - throat, neck

Note: Part of the descriptive phrase 'bāṣpāpihita kaṇṭhaḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having beheld

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √īkṣ (to see) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name), pleasing, black

Note: Object of 'prekṣya'.

यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - glorious, famous, renowned

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - glorious, famous, illustrious, renowned

From 'yaśas' (fame) + suffix 'vin'.

Note: Qualifies 'rāmam'.

आर्य (ārya) - O noble one! O respected one!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of ārya

ārya - noble, respectable, excellent, a noble person

Note: Part of the direct speech.

इति (iti) - thus, so saying

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of direct speech.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अभिसंक्रुश्य (abhisaṁkruśya) - having cried out, having shouted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √kruś (to cry out) with prefixes abhi and sam. Used in compound form (lyap).

Prefixes: abhi+sam

Root: kruś (class 1)

व्याहर्तुम् (vyāhartum) - to speak, to utter

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From √hṛ (to carry) with prefixes vi and ā. Expresses purpose.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Expresses the inability to perform the action of speaking.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

अशकत् (aśakat) - he was able

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śak

Aorist

3rd person singular, aorist, active voice. The 'a-' is the augment for past tense.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: The subject is implied (likely Bharata from the preceding narrative).

ततः (tataḥ) - then, after that, from there

(indeclinable)

Note: Denotes temporal sequence.

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