वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-93, verse-18

सालतालाश्वकर्णानां पर्णैर्बहुभिरावृताम् ।
विशालां मृदुभिस्तीर्णां कुशैर्वेदिमिवाध्वरे ॥१८॥

18. sālatālāśvakarṇānāṃ parṇairbahubhirāvṛtām ,
viśālāṃ mṛdubhistīrṇāṃ kuśairvedimivādhvare.

18. sālatālāśvakarṇānām parṇaiḥ bahubhiḥ āvṛtām
viśālām mṛdubhiḥ tīrṇām kuśaiḥ vedim iva adhvare

18. viśālām sālatālāśvakarṇānām bahubhiḥ parṇaiḥ
āvṛtām mṛdubhiḥ kuśaiḥ tīrṇām adhvare vedim iva

18. Covered with numerous leaves from śāla, tāla, and aśvakarṇa trees, and vast, it was spread with soft kuśa grass, just like a sacrificial altar (vedi) in a ritual (adhvara).

Words meanings summery:

• सालतालाश्वकर्णानाम् (sālatālāśvakarṇānām) - of śāla, tāla, and aśvakarṇa trees

• पर्णैः (parṇaiḥ) - with leaves

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - with many, numerous

• आवृताम् (āvṛtām) - covered, surrounded, concealed

• विशालाम् (viśālām) - vast, spacious, extensive

• मृदुभिः (mṛdubhiḥ) - with soft, tender

• तीर्णाम् (tīrṇām) - spread, crossed, passed over

• कुशैः (kuśaiḥ) - with kuśa grass

• वेदिम् (vedim) - altar, sacrificial ground

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अध्वरे (adhvare) - in a ritual, in a sacrifice

Words meanings and morphology

सालतालाश्वकर्णानाम् (sālatālāśvakarṇānām) - of śāla, tāla, and aśvakarṇa trees

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sālatālāśvakarṇa

sālatālāśvakarṇa - śāla, tāla, and aśvakarṇa trees (types of trees)

Compound type : dvandva (śāla+tāla+aśvakarṇa)

• śāla – a śāla tree
  noun (masculine)
• tāla – a tāla tree, palm tree
  noun (masculine)
• aśvakarṇa – an aśvakarṇa tree (Dipterocarpus alatus), literally 'horse ear'
  noun (masculine)

पर्णैः (parṇaiḥ) - with leaves

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of parṇa

parṇa - leaf, feather

Root: pṛ

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - with many, numerous

(adjective)

Instrumental, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Agrees with `parṇaiḥ`.

आवृताम् (āvṛtām) - covered, surrounded, concealed

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, surrounded, enveloped, concealed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `vṛ` (to cover) with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Modifies the implied feminine accusative singular object being described (e.g., a place).

विशालाम् (viśālām) - vast, spacious, extensive

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of viśāla

viśāla - vast, spacious, extensive, large

Note: Modifies the implied feminine accusative singular object.

मृदुभिः (mṛdubhiḥ) - with soft, tender

(adjective)

Instrumental, plural of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, tender, gentle, mild

Root: mṛd

Note: Agrees with `kuśaiḥ`.

तीर्णाम् (tīrṇām) - spread, crossed, passed over

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tīrṇa

tīrṇa - crossed, traversed, passed over; spread (figuratively)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `tṛ` (to cross, overcome) in the sense of 'spreading' or 'covering'.

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied feminine accusative singular object.

कुशैः (kuśaiḥ) - with kuśa grass

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kuśa

kuśa - kuśa grass (Poa cynosuroides), used in sacred rituals

Root: kuś

वेदिम् (vedim) - altar, sacrificial ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vedi

vedi - sacrificial altar, sacred ground, platform

Root: vid

Note: Part of the comparison 'vedim iva'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अध्वरे (adhvare) - in a ritual, in a sacrifice

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of adhvara

adhvara - sacrifice, ritual, ceremonial act

Note: Refers to the location or context of the sacrificial altar.

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