वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-93, verse-11

यमेवाधातुमिच्छन्ति तापसाः सततं वने ।
तस्यासौ दृश्यते धूमः संकुलः कृष्टवर्त्मनः ॥११॥

11. yamevādhātumicchanti tāpasāḥ satataṃ vane ,
tasyāsau dṛśyate dhūmaḥ saṃkulaḥ kṛṣṭavartmanaḥ.

11. yam eva ādhātum icchanti tāpasāḥ satatam vane
tasya asau dṛśyate dhūmaḥ saṃkulaḥ kṛṣṭavartmanaḥ

11. vane tāpasāḥ satatam yam eva ādhātum icchanti,
tasya saṃkulaḥ kṛṣṭavartmanaḥ asau dhūmaḥ dṛśyate

11. This is the dense smoke of the fire that ascetics constantly wish to kindle (ādhāna) in the forest – a fire whose track is clearly marked (as if ploughed).

Words meanings summery:

• यम् (yam) - referring to the implied sacrificial fire (which, whom)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• आधातुम् (ādhātum) - to kindle a fire (ādhāna), specifically for a ritual (yajña) (to place, to establish, to kindle (fire))

• इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they wish, they desire

• तापसाः (tāpasāḥ) - ascetics, hermits

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• तस्य (tasya) - of that implied fire (of that)

• असौ (asau) - this, that (distant)

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

• धूमः (dhūmaḥ) - smoke

• संकुलः (saṁkulaḥ) - dense, crowded, thick

• कृष्टवर्त्मनः (kṛṣṭavartmanaḥ) - describing the fire (implied by 'tasya') whose path for setting up is clearly marked or whose smoke makes a clear, visible path (of that whose path is ploughed/visible, having a distinct track)

Words meanings and morphology

यम् (yam) - referring to the implied sacrificial fire (which, whom)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to the fire, which is implied by context with 'dhūmaḥ'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

आधातुम् (ādhātum) - to kindle a fire (ādhāna), specifically for a ritual (yajña) (to place, to establish, to kindle (fire))

(indeclinable)

infinitive

infinitive of ā-dhā

Prefix: ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they wish, they desire

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 4)

तापसाः (tāpasāḥ) - ascetics, hermits

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāpasa

tāpasa - ascetic, hermit

derived from tapas

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always

(indeclinable)

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood

तस्य (tasya) - of that implied fire (of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the implied fire which ascetics kindle.

असौ (asau) - this, that (distant)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - this, that (demonstrative pronoun, often referring to something distant or noteworthy)

Note: Modifies 'dhūmaḥ'.

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

धूमः (dhūmaḥ) - smoke

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhūma

dhūma - smoke, vapor

संकुलः (saṁkulaḥ) - dense, crowded, thick

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkula

saṁkula - crowded, dense, confused, filled with

Note: Modifies 'dhūmaḥ'.

कृष्टवर्त्मनः (kṛṣṭavartmanaḥ) - describing the fire (implied by 'tasya') whose path for setting up is clearly marked or whose smoke makes a clear, visible path (of that whose path is ploughed/visible, having a distinct track)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṛṣṭavartman

kṛṣṭavartman - whose path is ploughed/visible, having a ploughed track, having a distinct course

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛṣṭa+vartman)

• kṛṣṭa – ploughed, drawn, cultivated
  past passive participle
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from kṛṣ + kta
  Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
• vartman – path, road, track
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies the implied object (fire) referred to by 'tasya'.

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