वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-93, verse-37

दुःखाभितप्तो भरतो राजपुत्रो महाबलः ।
उक्त्वार्येति सकृद्दीनं पुनर्नोवाच किं चन ॥३७॥

37. duḥkhābhitapto bharato rājaputro mahābalaḥ ,
uktvāryeti sakṛddīnaṃ punarnovāca kiṃ cana.

37. duḥkha abhitaptaḥ bharataḥ rāja putraḥ mahā balaḥ
uktvā ārye iti sakṛt dīnam punaḥ na uvāca kim cana

37. duḥkha-abhitaptaḥ,
rājaputraḥ,
mahābalaḥ bharataḥ,
sakṛt dīnam "ārye" iti uktvā,
punaḥ kim cana na uvāca.

37. The mighty prince Bharata, tormented by sorrow, having said 'O Noble one!' pitifully just once, spoke nothing more.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःख (duḥkha) - suffering, sorrow

• अभितप्तः (abhitaptaḥ) - tormented, afflicted

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

• राज (rāja) - king, royal

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• महा (mahā) - great, mighty

• बलः (balaḥ) - strength, power

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• आर्ये (ārye) - O Noble one! (vocative)

• इति (iti) - thus, marking direct speech

• सकृत् (sakṛt) - once, a single time

• दीनम् (dīnam) - miserably, pitiably

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further

• न (na) - not, no

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• किम् (kim) - what, anything

• चन (cana) - even, any (used with kim to negate fully)

Words meanings and morphology

दुःख (duḥkha) - suffering, sorrow

(noun)

neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery, unhappiness

अभितप्तः (abhitaptaḥ) - tormented, afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhitapta

abhitapta - tormented, oppressed, afflicted, suffering

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'abhi' (prefix) + root 'tap' (to heat, torment) + 'kta' suffix.

Prefix: abhi

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bharataḥ'.

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (a proper name)

राज (rāja) - king, royal

(noun)

masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Stem form used in compound.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Appositive to 'bharataḥ'.

महा (mahā) - great, mighty

(adjective)

masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, excellent

Note: Stem form used in compound.

बलः (balaḥ) - strength, power

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

Note: Appositive to 'bharataḥ'.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'vac' (to speak) + 'ktvā' (absolutive suffix).

Root: vac (class 2)

आर्ये (ārye) - O Noble one! (vocative)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of ārya

ārya - noble, respectable, honorable (male)

Note: Vocative address for a respected person, likely Rāma.

इति (iti) - thus, marking direct speech

(indeclinable)

सकृत् (sakṛt) - once, a single time

(indeclinable)

दीनम् (dīnam) - miserably, pitiably

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter of adjective used adverbially.

Root: dī (class 4)

Note: Acts as an adverb modifying 'uktvā'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense, Active Voice (Lit)

Reduplicated perfect form of root 'vac' (2nd class, Parasmaipada).

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what, anything

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, whether

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

चन (cana) - even, any (used with kim to negate fully)

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms a negative indefinite with 'kim' meaning "not anything at all."

Previous Verse Next Verse