वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-93, verse-29

दृष्ट्वा च विललापार्तो बाष्पसंदिग्धया गिरा ।
अशक्नुवन्धारयितुं धैर्याद्वचनमब्रवीत् ॥२९॥

29. dṛṣṭvā ca vilalāpārto bāṣpasaṃdigdhayā girā ,
aśaknuvandhārayituṃ dhairyādvacanamabravīt.

29. dṛṣṭvā ca vilalāpa ārtaḥ bāṣpasaṃdigdhayā girā
aśaknuvan dhārayitum dhairyāt vacanam abravīt

29. ca dṛṣṭvā ārtaḥ bāṣpasaṃdigdhayā girā vilalāpa
dhairyāt dhārayitum aśaknuvan vacanam abravīt

29. And having seen him, distressed, he wailed with a voice choked by tears. Unable to maintain his composure, he spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• च (ca) - and

• विललाप (vilalāpa) - he wailed, he lamented

• आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - distressed, suffering

• बाष्पसंदिग्धया (bāṣpasaṁdigdhayā) - choked with tears, indistinct due to tears

• गिरा (girā) - with voice, by speech

• अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - not being able, unable

• धारयितुम् (dhārayitum) - to restrain, to control, to maintain

• धैर्यात् (dhairyāt) - from courage, from steadfastness, from composure

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words, speech

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

formed from √dṛś with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विललाप (vilalāpa) - he wailed, he lamented

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √lap

Perfect tense

Root lap with prefix vi; 3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - distressed, suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, pained, suffering

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. from √ṛ (to go, move) often implying 'affected by'

Root: ṛ (class 1)

बाष्पसंदिग्धया (bāṣpasaṁdigdhayā) - choked with tears, indistinct due to tears

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of bāṣpasaṃdigdhā

bāṣpasaṁdigdhā - rendered indistinct or choked by tears (feminine)

Past Passive Participle in compound

Compound type : instrumental tatpuruṣa (bāṣpa+saṃdigdha)

• bāṣpa – tears
  noun (masculine)
• saṃdigdhā – made indistinct, obscured, choked (feminine)
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  P.P.P. from √dih (to smear, moisten) with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dih (class 4)

गिरा (girā) - with voice, by speech

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gir

gir - voice, speech, word

अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - not being able, unable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśaknuvat

aśaknuvat - not being able, unable

Present Active Participle

Negative particle 'a-' + present active participle of √śak (to be able)

Root: śak (class 5)

धारयितुम् (dhārayitum) - to restrain, to control, to maintain

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

formed from the causative stem 'dhāraya' (from √dhṛ) with infinitive suffix -tum

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

धैर्यात् (dhairyāt) - from courage, from steadfastness, from composure

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of dhairya

dhairya - courage, firmness, steadfastness, composure

derived from dhīra (firm, steady)

वचनम् (vacanam) - words, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, saying

action noun from √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √brū

Imperfect tense

Root brū; 3rd person singular, imperfect tense, active voice

Root: brū (class 2)

Previous Verse Next Verse