वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-70, verse-9

विधवा पृथिवी राजंस्त्वया हीना न राजते ।
हीनचन्द्रेव रजनी नगरी प्रतिभाति माम् ॥९॥

9. vidhavā pṛthivī rājaṃstvayā hīnā na rājate ,
hīnacandreva rajanī nagarī pratibhāti mām.

9. vidhavā pṛthivī rājan tvayā hīnā na rājate
hīna-candrā iva rajanī nagarī pratibhāti mām

9. rājan,
tvayā hīnā vidhavā pṛthivī na rājate.
nagarī mām hīna-candrā rajanī iva pratibhāti.

9. O King, the earth (pṛthivī), widowed and bereft of you, does not shine. The city appears to me like a moonless night.

Words meanings summery:

• विधवा (vidhavā) - widowed (describing the earth/kingdom metaphorically) (widowed)

• पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - the kingdom or the land of Ayodhya (earth, land, ground)

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to the deceased king Daśaratha (O king)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (King Daśaratha) (by you)

• हीना (hīnā) - deprived of, without (you) (bereft, deprived, abandoned)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• राजते (rājate) - does not shine, is not glorious (shines, appears glorious, reigns)

• हीन-चन्द्रा (hīna-candrā) - lacking the moon (moonless, bereft of the moon)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• रजनी (rajanī) - night

• नगरी (nagarī) - the city of Ayodhya (city, town)

• प्रतिभाति (pratibhāti) - appears (to me) (shines forth, appears, occurs to the mind)

• माम् (mām) - to me (as the object of 'appears') (me (accusative))

Words meanings and morphology

विधवा (vidhavā) - widowed (describing the earth/kingdom metaphorically) (widowed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vidhavā

vidhavā - widow, widowed woman

From vi- (without) + dhava (husband).

Note: Qualifies 'pṛthivī'.

पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - the kingdom or the land of Ayodhya (earth, land, ground)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, land, world

Root: pṛth

Note: Subject of 'na rājate'.

राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to the deceased king Daśaratha (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (King Daśaratha) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent of 'hīnā'.

हीना (hīnā) - deprived of, without (you) (bereft, deprived, abandoned)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hīna

hīna - deprived of, abandoned, wanting, inferior

Past Passive Participle

From √hā (to abandon, forsake) + kta.

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'pṛthivī'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb 'rājate'.

राजते (rājate) - does not shine, is not glorious (shines, appears glorious, reigns)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of rāj

Present Tense

Atmanepada, 1st conjugation.

Root: rāj (class 1)

हीन-चन्द्रा (hīna-candrā) - lacking the moon (moonless, bereft of the moon)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hīna-candra

hīna-candra - moonless, bereft of the moon

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hīna+candra)

• hīna – deprived of, lacking
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √hā (to abandon, forsake) + kta.
  Root: hā (class 3)
• candra – moon, luminous
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'rajanī'.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

रजनी (rajanī) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rajanī

rajanī - night

Root: raj (class 1)

Note: Comparison object for 'nagarī'.

नगरी (nagarī) - the city of Ayodhya (city, town)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nagarī

nagarī - city, town

Note: Subject of 'pratibhāti'.

प्रतिभाति (pratibhāti) - appears (to me) (shines forth, appears, occurs to the mind)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pratibhā

Present Tense

Parasmaipada, 2nd conjugation (from prati- + √bhā).

Prefix: prati

Root: bhā (class 2)

माम् (mām) - to me (as the object of 'appears') (me (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

First person pronoun.

Note: Object for the verb 'pratibhāti' (appears *to* me).