वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-70, verse-23

कृतोदकं ते भरतेन सार्धं नृपाङ्गना मन्त्रिपुरोहिताश्च ।
पुरं प्रविश्याश्रुपरीतनेत्रा भूमौ दशाहं व्यनयन्त दुःखम् ॥२३॥

23. kṛtodakaṃ te bharatena sārdhaṃ nṛpāṅganā mantripurohitāśca ,
puraṃ praviśyāśruparītanetrā bhūmau daśāhaṃ vyanayanta duḥkham.

23. kṛtaudakaṃ te bharatena sārdhaṃ
nṛpāṅganāḥ mantripurohitāḥ ca
puram praviśya aśrupārītanetrāḥ
bhūmau daśāham vyanyanta duḥkham

23. bharatena sārdhaṃ kṛtaudakaṃ te
nṛpāṅganāḥ mantripurohitāḥ ca
aśrupārītanetrāḥ puram praviśya
daśāham bhūmau duḥkham vyanyanta

23. Having performed the water offering (udaka) with Bharata, those royal women, ministers, and priests, their eyes filled with tears, entered the city. For ten days, they observed their period of mourning and underwent their grief (duḥkha) while remaining on the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• कृतौदकम् (kṛtaudakam) - having performed the water offering

• ते (te) - those, they

• भरतेन (bharatena) - by Bharata

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with

• नृपाङ्गनाः (nṛpāṅganāḥ) - royal women, wives of the king

• मन्त्रिपुरोहिताः (mantripurohitāḥ) - ministers and priests

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• पुरम् (puram) - city, town, fortress

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered, after entering

• अश्रुपारीतनेत्राः (aśrupārītanetrāḥ) - having eyes filled with tears, teary-eyed

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• दशाहम् (daśāham) - for ten days

• व्यन्यन्त (vyanyanta) - they underwent (their grief), they passed (their mourning period) (they spent, they controlled, they underwent)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, grief, pain

Words meanings and morphology

कृतौदकम् (kṛtaudakam) - having performed the water offering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtaudaka

kṛtaudaka - one who has performed the water offering (for the dead)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+udaka)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• udaka – water; water offering
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with subjects: nṛpāṅganāḥ, mantripurohitāḥ

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

भरतेन (bharatena) - by Bharata

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (proper name, a brother of Rāma)

सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

नृपाङ्गनाः (nṛpāṅganāḥ) - royal women, wives of the king

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nṛpāṅganā

nṛpāṅganā - a royal woman, king's wife

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+aṅganā)

• nṛpa – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• aṅganā – a woman, a female
  noun (feminine)

मन्त्रिपुरोहिताः (mantripurohitāḥ) - ministers and priests

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mantripurohita

mantripurohita - ministers and priests (collectively)

Compound type : dvandva (mantrin+purohita)

• mantrin – counselor, minister, advisor
  noun (masculine)
• purohita – a family priest, a chaplain
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

पुरम् (puram) - city, town, fortress

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, town, stronghold, fortress

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered, after entering

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Gerund/absolutive from root viś with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

अश्रुपारीतनेत्राः (aśrupārītanetrāḥ) - having eyes filled with tears, teary-eyed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of aśrupārītanetra

aśrupārītanetra - having eyes filled/surrounded by tears

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (aśru+parīta+netra)

• aśru – tear
  noun (neuter)
• parīta – surrounded, encompassed, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root i (to go) with prefix pari
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)
• netra – eye
  noun (neuter)
  Root: nī (class 1)

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

दशाहम् (daśāham) - for ten days

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daśāha

daśāha - a period of ten days

Compound type : dvigu (daśan+ahan)

• daśan – ten
  numeral
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

Note: Accusative of duration.

व्यन्यन्त (vyanyanta) - they underwent (their grief), they passed (their mourning period) (they spent, they controlled, they underwent)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of yam

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: From vi-ni-yam.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, grief, pain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness