वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-60, verse-4

विहाय मां गतो रामो भर्ता च स्वर्गतो मम ।
विपथे सार्थहीनेव नाहं जीवितुमुत्सहे ॥४॥

4. vihāya māṃ gato rāmo bhartā ca svargato mama ,
vipathe sārthahīneva nāhaṃ jīvitumutsahe.

4. vihāya mām gataḥ rāmaḥ bhartā ca svargataḥ mama
| vipathe sārthahīnā iva na aham jīvitum utsahe

4. rāmaḥ mām vihāya gataḥ ca mama bhartā svargataḥ
aham vipathe sārthahīnā iva jīvitum na utsahe

4. Rama has gone, having abandoned me, and my husband (Daśaratha) has departed to heaven. Like a traveler on a treacherous path, deprived of their companion, I do not wish to live.

Words meanings summery:

• विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, having left

• माम् (mām) - me

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (the son of Daśaratha)

• भर्ता (bhartā) - husband (King Daśaratha) (husband, sustainer)

• च (ca) - and

• स्वर्गतः (svargataḥ) - gone to heaven, departed to heaven

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• विपथे (vipathe) - on a wrong path, on a treacherous path

• सार्थहीना (sārthahīnā) - without a companion, deprived of a company

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• न (na) - not

• अहम् (aham) - I

• जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live

• उत्सहे (utsahe) - I am able, I wish (to do so)

Words meanings and morphology

विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

absolutive

root hā + prefix vi + suffix -ya

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached

Past Passive Participle

root gam + suffix -ta

Root: gam (class 1)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (the son of Daśaratha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama, pleasing, charming

भर्ता (bhartā) - husband (King Daśaratha) (husband, sustainer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, sustainer, supporter

agent noun from root bhṛ

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

स्वर्गतः (svargataḥ) - gone to heaven, departed to heaven

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svargata

svargata - gone to heaven, departed to heaven

Past Passive Participle

compound: svarga + gata

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svarga+gata)

• svarga – heaven, paradise
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, departed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root gam + suffix -ta
  Root: gam (class 1)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

विपथे (vipathe) - on a wrong path, on a treacherous path

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vipatha

vipatha - wrong path, bad road, dangerous road

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vi+patha)

• vi – apart, distinct, bad, wrong
  indeclinable
  prefix/preposition
• patha – path, road
  noun (masculine)

सार्थहीना (sārthahīnā) - without a companion, deprived of a company

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sārthahīna

sārthahīna - without a companion, deprived of a company

compound: sārtha + hīna

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sārtha+hīna)

• sārtha – caravan, company of merchants, companion
  noun (masculine)
• hīna – deprived of, devoid of, left behind
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root hā + suffix -na
  Root: hā (class 3)

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live

(indeclinable)

infinitive

root jīv + suffix -tum

Root: jīv (class 1)

उत्सहे (utsahe) - I am able, I wish (to do so)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of utsah

root sah + prefix ud

Prefix: ud

Root: sah (class 1)

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