वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-60, verse-19

नराश्च नार्यश्च समेत्य संघशो विगर्हमाणा भरतस्य मातरम् ।
तदा नगर्यां नरदेवसंक्षये बभूवुरार्ता न च शर्म लेभिरे ॥१९॥

19. narāśca nāryaśca sametya saṃghaśo vigarhamāṇā bharatasya mātaram ,
tadā nagaryāṃ naradevasaṃkṣaye babhūvurārtā na ca śarma lebhire.

19. narāḥ ca nāryaḥ ca sametya saṃghaśaḥ
vigarhamāṇāḥ bharatasya mātaram
tadā nagaryām naradeva-saṃkṣaye
babhūvuḥ ārtāḥ na ca śarma lebhira

19. tadā nagaryām naradeva-saṃkṣaye,
narāḥ ca nāryaḥ ca,
saṃghaśaḥ sametya,
bharatasya mātaram vigarhamāṇāḥ,
ārtāḥ babhūvuḥ,
ca śarma na lebhira.

19. Then, at the demise of the lord of men (king), men and women gathered in crowds in the city, condemning Bharata's mother. They became greatly distressed and found no peace.

Words meanings summery:

• नराः (narāḥ) - men, males

• च (ca) - and, also

• नार्यः (nāryaḥ) - women

• च (ca) - and, also

• समेत्य (sametya) - having come together, having assembled

• संघशः (saṁghaśaḥ) - in groups, in crowds

• विगर्हमाणाः (vigarhamāṇāḥ) - blaming, condemning, censuring

• भरतस्य (bharatasya) - of Bharata

• मातरम् (mātaram) - Bharata's mother, Kaikeyi (mother)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• नगर्याम् (nagaryām) - in the city

• नरदेव-संक्षये (naradeva-saṁkṣaye) - at the demise of King Dasharatha (at the loss/demise of the lord of men (king))

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became, they were

• आर्ताः (ārtāḥ) - greatly distressed (distressed, afflicted, suffering)

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• शर्म (śarma) - peace, happiness, well-being

• लेभिर (lebhira) - they found (peace) (they obtained, they got)

Words meanings and morphology

नराः (narāḥ) - men, males

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, male, human being

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नार्यः (nāryaḥ) - women

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nārī

nārī - woman, female

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

समेत्य (sametya) - having come together, having assembled

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √i (to go) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: √i (class 2)

संघशः (saṁghaśaḥ) - in groups, in crowds

(indeclinable)

Derived with the suffix -śaḥ indicating 'in groups of'

विगर्हमाणाः (vigarhamāṇāḥ) - blaming, condemning, censuring

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine/feminine, plural of vigarhamāṇa

vigarhamāṇa - blaming, censuring, reproaching

Present Participle (Middle Voice)

From root √garh (to blame) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: √garh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'narāḥ' and 'nāryaḥ'

भरतस्य (bharatasya) - of Bharata

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of a king, son of Dasharatha and Kaikeyi)

मातरम् (mātaram) - Bharata's mother, Kaikeyi (mother)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

नगर्याम् (nagaryām) - in the city

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of nagarī

nagarī - city, town

नरदेव-संक्षये (naradeva-saṁkṣaye) - at the demise of King Dasharatha (at the loss/demise of the lord of men (king))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of naradeva-saṃkṣaya

naradeva-saṁkṣaya - loss/destruction of the king/lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (naradeva+saṃkṣaya)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• deva – god, lord, king
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkṣaya – destruction, loss, perishing, demise
  noun (masculine)
  From root √kṣi (to destroy) with prefix sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: √kṣi (class 1)

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of √bhū

Root: √bhū (class 1)

आर्ताः (ārtāḥ) - greatly distressed (distressed, afflicted, suffering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine/feminine, plural of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, pained, suffering

Past Passive Participle

From root √ṛ (to go, to move, to obtain, to suffer)

Root: √ṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'narāḥ' and 'nāryaḥ'

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

शर्म (śarma) - peace, happiness, well-being

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śarman

śarman - peace, happiness, joy, protection

लेभिर (lebhira) - they found (peace) (they obtained, they got)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (liṭ) of √labh

Root: √labh (class 1)

Previous Verse