वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-60, verse-17

बाष्पपर्याकुलजना हाहाभूतकुलाङ्गना ।
शून्यचत्वरवेश्मान्ता न बभ्राज यथापुरम् ॥१७॥

17. bāṣpaparyākulajanā hāhābhūtakulāṅganā ,
śūnyacatvaraveśmāntā na babhrāja yathāpuram.

17. bāṣpa-paryākula-janā hāhā-bhūta-kulāṅganā
śūnya-catvara-veśmāntā na babhrāja yathāpuram

17. bāṣpa-paryākula-janā,
hāhā-bhūta-kulāṅganā,
śūnya-catvara-veśmāntā (sā purī) yathāpuram na babhrāja.

17. With its people distressed by tears, its noble women crying out in sorrow, and its public squares and house entrances deserted, the city did not shine as it once did.

Words meanings summery:

• बाष्प-पर्याकुल-जना (bāṣpa-paryākula-janā) - its people distressed by tears (people distressed by tears/vapor)

• हाहा-भूत-कुलाङ्गना (hāhā-bhūta-kulāṅganā) - its noble women crying out in sorrow (women of noble families crying out 'haha' (in distress))

• शून्य-चत्वर-वेश्मान्ता (śūnya-catvara-veśmāntā) - with its public squares and house entrances deserted (with empty squares and house perimeters/entrances)

• न (na) - not, no

• बभ्राज (babhrāja) - did not shine (brightly/as before), implicitly negated by 'na' (did shine, shone)

• यथापुरम् (yathāpuram) - as before, as previously

Words meanings and morphology

बाष्प-पर्याकुल-जना (bāṣpa-paryākula-janā) - its people distressed by tears (people distressed by tears/vapor)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāṣpa-paryākula-jana

bāṣpa-paryākula-jana - people agitated/distressed by tears or vapor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṣpa-paryākula+jana)

• bāṣpa – tears, vapor, steam
  noun (masculine)
• paryākula – distressed, agitated, confused, full of
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefixes: pari+ā
• jana – person, people, human being
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used as a collective noun phrase in nominative plural, implicitly referring to city residents

हाहा-भूत-कुलाङ्गना (hāhā-bhūta-kulāṅganā) - its noble women crying out in sorrow (women of noble families crying out 'haha' (in distress))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of hāhā-bhūta-kulāṅganā

hāhā-bhūta-kulāṅganā - women who have become 'haha' (i.e., wailing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hāhā-bhūta+kulāṅganā)

• hāhā – exclamation of sorrow or distress
  indeclinable
• bhūta – become, happened, past
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √bhū (to be, to become)
  Root: √bhū (class 1)
• kula – family, lineage, noble
  noun (neuter)
• aṅganā – woman
  noun (feminine)

Note: Used as a collective noun phrase in nominative plural, implicitly referring to women of the city

शून्य-चत्वर-वेश्मान्ता (śūnya-catvara-veśmāntā) - with its public squares and house entrances deserted (with empty squares and house perimeters/entrances)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śūnya-catvara-veśmānta

śūnya-catvara-veśmānta - having empty squares and house entrances

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śūnya+catvara+veśmānta)

• śūnya – empty, void, deserted
  adjective (masculine)
• catvara – square, public place, courtyard
  noun (neuter)
• veśmānta – house perimeter, house entrance, neighborhood of houses
  noun (masculine)

Note: Feminine form of śūnya-catvara-veśmānta, modifying 'purī' (city)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

बभ्राज (babhrāja) - did not shine (brightly/as before), implicitly negated by 'na' (did shine, shone)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √bhrāj

Root: √bhrāj (class 1)

यथापुरम् (yathāpuram) - as before, as previously

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+puram)

• yathā – as, like, according to
  indeclinable
• puram – city, former, ancient
  indeclinable

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