वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-60, verse-16

निशानक्षत्रहीनेव स्त्रीव भर्तृविवर्जिता ।
पुरी नाराजतायोध्या हीना राज्ञा महात्मना ॥१६॥

16. niśānakṣatrahīneva strīva bhartṛvivarjitā ,
purī nārājatāyodhyā hīnā rājñā mahātmanā.

16. niśā nakṣatra-hīnā iva strī iva bhartṛ-vivarjitā
purī na arājat Ayodhyā hīnā rājñā mahātmanā

16. Ayodhyā purī mahātmanā rājñā hīnā,
nakṣatra-hīnā niśā iva,
bhartṛ-vivarjitā strī iva,
na arājat.

16. The city of Ayodhya, devoid of the great-souled (mahātman) king, did not shine, just like a night without stars or a woman bereft of her husband.

Words meanings summery:

• निशा (niśā) - night

• नक्षत्र-हीना (nakṣatra-hīnā) - deprived of stars, starless

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• स्त्री (strī) - woman, wife

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• भर्तृ-विवर्जिता (bhartṛ-vivarjitā) - deprived of her husband, husbandless

• पुरी (purī) - city, town

• न (na) - not, no

• अराजत् (arājat) - did not shine (referring to the city's appearance) (did not shine, did not rule)

• अयोध्या (ayodhyā) - The capital city of Kosala, associated with Rama (Ayodhya (a city))

• हीना (hīnā) - devoid of, bereft of, abandoned

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled King Rama (by the great-souled one)

Words meanings and morphology

निशा (niśā) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of niśā

niśā - night, twilight

नक्षत्र-हीना (nakṣatra-hīnā) - deprived of stars, starless

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nakṣatra-hīna

nakṣatra-hīna - starless, devoid of stars

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nakṣatra+hīna)

• nakṣatra – star, constellation
  noun (neuter)
• hīna – devoid of, deprived of, deficient, abandoned
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √hā (to abandon, forsake)
  Root: √hā (class 3)

Note: Feminine form of nakṣatra-hīna, modifying 'niśā'

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

स्त्री (strī) - woman, wife

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, female, wife

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

भर्तृ-विवर्जिता (bhartṛ-vivarjitā) - deprived of her husband, husbandless

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhartṛ-vivarjita

bhartṛ-vivarjita - deprived of a husband

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhartṛ+vivarjita)

• bhartṛ – husband, supporter, master
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √bhṛ (class 3)
• vivarjita – deprived of, abandoned, forsaken
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √vṛj with prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: √vṛj (class 6)

Note: Feminine form of bhartṛ-vivarjita, modifying 'strī'

पुरी (purī) - city, town

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of purī

purī - city, town, fortress

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अराजत् (arājat) - did not shine (referring to the city's appearance) (did not shine, did not rule)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √rāj

Root: √rāj (class 1)

अयोध्या (ayodhyā) - The capital city of Kosala, associated with Rama (Ayodhya (a city))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of Ayodhyā

Ayodhyā - Ayodhya (name of a city)

हीना (hīnā) - devoid of, bereft of, abandoned

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hīna

hīna - devoid of, deficient, forsaken, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

From root √hā (to abandon, forsake)

Root: √hā (class 3)

Note: Feminine form of hīna, modifying 'purī' or 'Ayodhyā'

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled King Rama (by the great-souled one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, the Supreme Spirit

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'rājñā'

Previous Verse Next Verse