वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-60, verse-18

गतप्रभा द्यौरिव भास्करं विना व्यपेतनक्षत्रगणेव शर्वरी ।
पुरी बभासे रहिता महात्मना न चास्रकण्ठाकुलमार्गचत्वरा ॥१८॥

18. gataprabhā dyauriva bhāskaraṃ vinā vyapetanakṣatragaṇeva śarvarī ,
purī babhāse rahitā mahātmanā na cāsrakaṇṭhākulamārgacatvarā.

18. gataprabhā dyauḥ iva bhāskaram vinā
vyapeta-nakṣatra-gaṇā iva śarvarī
purī babhāse rahitā mahātmanā na
ca asra-kaṇṭha-ākula-mārga-catvarā

18. mahātmanā rahitā purī,
bhāskaram vinā gataprabhā dyauḥ iva,
vyapeta-nakṣatra-gaṇā śarvarī iva (a)babhāse; ca asra-kaṇṭha-ākula-mārga-catvarā na (āsīt).

18. The city, deprived of the great-souled (mahātman) one, appeared like the sky without its brilliance in the absence of the sun, or like a night with its host of stars departed. Its streets and public squares were not bustling with the tear-choked cries of people.

Words meanings summery:

• गतप्रभा (gataprabhā) - whose brilliance has departed, lustreless

• द्यौः (dyauḥ) - sky, heaven

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• भास्करम् (bhāskaram) - the sun, light-maker

• विना (vinā) - without, except

• व्यपेत-नक्षत्र-गणा (vyapeta-nakṣatra-gaṇā) - whose host of stars has departed

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• शर्वरी (śarvarī) - night

• पुरी (purī) - city, town

• बभासे (babhāse) - appeared (in a diminished state, consistent with previous verses stating 'did not shine') (shone, appeared, was seen)

• रहिता (rahitā) - deprived of, devoid of, left alone

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled King Rama (by the great-souled one)

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• अस्र-कण्ठ-आकुल-मार्ग-चत्वरा (asra-kaṇṭha-ākula-mārga-catvarā) - its streets and public squares bustling with tear-choked cries (negated by 'na') (with streets and squares agitated by tear-choked throats)

Words meanings and morphology

गतप्रभा (gataprabhā) - whose brilliance has departed, lustreless

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gataprabha

gataprabha - whose radiance is gone, deprived of splendor

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+prabhā)

• gata – gone, departed, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √gam (to go)
  Root: √gam (class 1)
• prabhā – brilliance, light, splendor
  noun (feminine)

Note: Feminine form of gataprabha, modifying 'dyauḥ'

द्यौः (dyauḥ) - sky, heaven

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dyu

dyu - sky, heaven, day

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

भास्करम् (bhāskaram) - the sun, light-maker

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāskara

bhāskara - sun, moon, fire, light-maker

Root: √bhās (class 1)

विना (vinā) - without, except

(indeclinable)

व्यपेत-नक्षत्र-गणा (vyapeta-nakṣatra-gaṇā) - whose host of stars has departed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vyapeta-nakṣatra-gaṇa

vyapeta-nakṣatra-gaṇa - whose host of stars has disappeared

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyapeta+nakṣatra-gaṇa)

• vyapeta – gone away, departed, disappeared
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √i (to go) with prefixes vi-apa-
  Prefixes: vi+apa
  Root: √i (class 2)
• nakṣatra – star, constellation
  noun (neuter)
• gaṇa – host, multitude, group
  noun (masculine)

Note: Feminine form of vyapeta-nakṣatra-gaṇa, modifying 'śarvarī'

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

शर्वरी (śarvarī) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śarvarī

śarvarī - night

पुरी (purī) - city, town

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of purī

purī - city, town, fortress

बभासे (babhāse) - appeared (in a diminished state, consistent with previous verses stating 'did not shine') (shone, appeared, was seen)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of √bhās

Root: √bhās (class 1)

रहिता (rahitā) - deprived of, devoid of, left alone

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rahita

rahita - left, abandoned, devoid of, without

Past Passive Participle

From root √rah (to abandon, forsake)

Root: √rah (class 1)

Note: Feminine form of rahita, modifying 'purī'

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled King Rama (by the great-souled one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, the Supreme Spirit

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अस्र-कण्ठ-आकुल-मार्ग-चत्वरा (asra-kaṇṭha-ākula-mārga-catvarā) - its streets and public squares bustling with tear-choked cries (negated by 'na') (with streets and squares agitated by tear-choked throats)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of asra-kaṇṭha-ākula-mārga-catvara

asra-kaṇṭha-ākula-mārga-catvara - whose streets and squares are agitated by tear-choked throats

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (asra-kaṇṭha-ākula+mārga-catvara)

• asra – tear, blood, pertaining to tears
  noun (neuter)
• kaṇṭha – throat, neck, voice
  noun (masculine)
• ākula – agitated, confused, full of, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
• mārga – road, path, street
  noun (masculine)
• catvara – square, public place, courtyard
  noun (neuter)

Note: Feminine form, modifying the implied 'purī'

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