वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-60, verse-10

वृद्धश्चैवाल्पपुत्रश्च वैदेहीमनिचिन्तयन् ।
सो ऽपि शोकसमाविष्टो ननु त्यक्ष्यति जीवितम् ॥१०॥

10. vṛddhaścaivālpaputraśca vaidehīmanicintayan ,
so'pi śokasamāviṣṭo nanu tyakṣyati jīvitam.

10. vṛddhaḥ ca eva alpasutaḥ ca Vaidehīm anucintayan
| saḥ api śokasāmāviṣṭaḥ nanu tyakṣyati jīvitam

10. vṛddhaḥ alpasutaḥ ca eva saḥ api Vaidehīm anucintayan
śokasāmāviṣṭaḥ (san) nanu jīvitam tyakṣyati

10. The aged king, who also has few sons, remembering Sita (Vaidehī) with deep concern, will surely abandon his life, overcome by sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - Refers to King Dasaratha. (old, aged)

• च (ca) - Connects 'vṛddhaḥ' and 'alpasutaḥ'. (and)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the preceding adjective. (indeed, only, certainly)

• अल्पसुतः (alpasutaḥ) - Dasaratha had four sons, but two (Rama and Lakshmana) are in exile, making his 'effective' number of sons present as 'few' or 'diminished'. (having few sons)

• च (ca) - Connects the adjectives describing Dasaratha. (and)

• वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Accusative object of 'anucintayan'. (Sita (daughter of Videha))

• अनुचिन्तयन् (anucintayan) - Dasaratha is thinking about Sita. (thinking about, reflecting upon, remembering)

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to King Dasaratha. (he)

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes that he (Dasaratha) will also suffer this fate. (also, even)

• शोकसामाविष्टः (śokasāmāviṣṭaḥ) - Describes Dasaratha's state. (overcome by sorrow, filled with grief)

• ननु (nanu) - Emphasizes the certainty of the prediction. (surely, indeed, certainly)

• त्यक्ष्यति (tyakṣyati) - Dasaratha will give up his life. (will abandon, will give up)

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - Object of 'tyakṣyati' (will give up life). (life)

Words meanings and morphology

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - Refers to King Dasaratha. (old, aged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged; grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛdh' (to grow, increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with implied subject (Dasaratha).

च (ca) - Connects 'vṛddhaḥ' and 'alpasutaḥ'. (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the preceding adjective. (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अल्पसुतः (alpasutaḥ) - Dasaratha had four sons, but two (Rama and Lakshmana) are in exile, making his 'effective' number of sons present as 'few' or 'diminished'. (having few sons)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alpasuta

alpasuta - having few sons

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (alpa+suta)

• alpa – small, few, little
  adjective (masculine)
• suta – son
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'sū' (to give birth)
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Adjective agreeing with implied subject (Dasaratha).

च (ca) - Connects the adjectives describing Dasaratha. (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Accusative object of 'anucintayan'. (Sita (daughter of Videha))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of Vaidehī

Vaidehī - princess of Videha; Sita

Derived from Videha (kingdom of Janaka).

Note: Object of contemplation.

अनुचिन्तयन् (anucintayan) - Dasaratha is thinking about Sita. (thinking about, reflecting upon, remembering)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anucintayat

anucintayat - thinking about, reflecting upon, remembering

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'cint' (to think) with upasarga 'anu' (after, along, continually).

Prefix: anu

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Participle agreeing with implied subject (Dasaratha). The original input had 'anicintayan', which is contextually incoherent; 'anucintayan' is a common and logical textual emendation.

सः (saḥ) - Refers to King Dasaratha. (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular.

Note: Pronoun subject.

अपि (api) - Emphasizes that he (Dasaratha) will also suffer this fate. (also, even)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle.

शोकसामाविष्टः (śokasāmāviṣṭaḥ) - Describes Dasaratha's state. (overcome by sorrow, filled with grief)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokasāmāviṣṭa

śokasāmāviṣṭa - overcome by sorrow, filled with grief

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+viṣṭa)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'śuc' (to grieve)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• āviṣṭa – entered into, overcome by, possessed by
  past passive participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'viś' (to enter) with upasarga 'ā'. The full word 'samāviṣṭa' includes 'sam' as an additional prefix, thus 'sam' and 'ā' are listed under 'upasargas_json' of 'śokasāmāviṣṭa'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'saḥ'.

ननु (nanu) - Emphasizes the certainty of the prediction. (surely, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

त्यक्ष्यति (tyakṣyati) - Dasaratha will give up his life. (will abandon, will give up)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of tyaj

Future Tense, 3rd Person Singular

Root 'tyaj' (to abandon). Future tense.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'saḥ' (Dasaratha).

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - Object of 'tyakṣyati' (will give up life). (life)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, livelihood; living

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'jīv' (to live). Can also be used as a noun meaning 'life'.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of the verb.

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