वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-60, verse-11

तां ततः संपरिष्वज्य विलपन्तीं तपस्विनीम् ।
व्यपनिन्युः सुदुःखार्तां कौसल्यां व्यावहारिकाः ॥११॥

11. tāṃ tataḥ saṃpariṣvajya vilapantīṃ tapasvinīm ,
vyapaninyuḥ suduḥkhārtāṃ kausalyāṃ vyāvahārikāḥ.

11. tām tataḥ saṃpariṣvajya vilapantīm tapasvinīm |
vyapaninyuḥ suduḥkhārtām Kausalyām vyāvahārikāḥ

11. tataḥ vyāvahārikāḥ vilapantīm suduḥkhārtām
tapasvinīm tām Kausalyām saṃpariṣvajya vyapaninyuḥ

11. Then, having embraced Kaushalya, who was lamenting, deeply distressed by sorrow, and suffering (tapasvinī), the royal attendants took her away.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - Refers to Kaushalya. (her, that (feminine))

• ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates sequence of action. (then, thereupon, from that place)

• संपरिष्वज्य (saṁpariṣvajya) - The attendants embraced Kaushalya before leading her away. (having embraced)

• विलपन्तीम् (vilapantīm) - Describes Kaushalya while being taken away. (lamenting, weeping)

• तपस्विनीम् (tapasvinīm) - Describes Kaushalya's state of suffering (tapasvinī). (sorrowful woman, suffering woman)

• व्यपनिन्युः (vyapaninyuḥ) - The attendants removed Kaushalya from the scene. (they led away, removed, took away)

• सुदुह्खार्ताम् (suduhkhārtām) - Describes Kaushalya's intense grief. (deeply distressed by sorrow, greatly afflicted by misery)

• कौसल्याम् (kausalyām) - Rama's mother, being taken away by attendants. (Kaushalya (proper name))

• व्यावहारिकाः (vyāvahārikāḥ) - The royal staff or advisors who manage affairs and attend to the queen. (those engaged in worldly affairs, attendants, ministers)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - Refers to Kaushalya. (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, feminine accusative singular.

Note: Object of 'vyapaninyuḥ'.

ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates sequence of action. (then, thereupon, from that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

संपरिष्वज्य (saṁpariṣvajya) - The attendants embraced Kaushalya before leading her away. (having embraced)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'ṣvaj' (to embrace) with upasargas 'sam' (completely) and 'pari' (around). The suffix '-ya' indicates absolutive with prefixes.

Prefixes: sam+pari

Root: ṣvaj (class 1)

Note: Absolutive expressing prior action by the main subject.

विलपन्तीम् (vilapantīm) - Describes Kaushalya while being taken away. (lamenting, weeping)

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vilapat

vilapat - lamenting, weeping

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'lap' (to speak, lament) with upasarga 'vi' (apart, intensely). Feminine accusative singular.

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'Kausalyām'.

तपस्विनीम् (tapasvinīm) - Describes Kaushalya's state of suffering (tapasvinī). (sorrowful woman, suffering woman)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tapasvinī

tapasvinī - female ascetic; pious woman; suffering woman

Feminine form of tapasvin (one who practices tapas or suffers).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Apposition to 'Kausalyām'.

व्यपनिन्युः (vyapaninyuḥ) - The attendants removed Kaushalya from the scene. (they led away, removed, took away)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vyapanī

Perfect Tense, 3rd Person Plural

Root 'nī' (to lead) with upasargas 'vi' (away) and 'apa' (away from). Perfect tense, 3rd person plural.

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'vyāvahārikāḥ'.

सुदुह्खार्ताम् (suduhkhārtām) - Describes Kaushalya's intense grief. (deeply distressed by sorrow, greatly afflicted by misery)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of suduhkhārta

suduhkhārta - deeply distressed by sorrow, greatly afflicted by misery

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  past passive participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ṛ' (to go) with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'Kausalyām'.

कौसल्याम् (kausalyām) - Rama's mother, being taken away by attendants. (Kaushalya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of Kausalyā

Kausalyā - Kaushalya (Rama's mother)

Feminine patronymic from Kosala.

Note: Main object of the verb.

व्यावहारिकाः (vyāvahārikāḥ) - The royal staff or advisors who manage affairs and attend to the queen. (those engaged in worldly affairs, attendants, ministers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyāvahārika

vyāvahārika - relating to practice or usage; practical; a man of business, agent, minister, attendant

Derived from vyavahāra (conduct, business, transaction).

Note: Subject of the verb 'vyapaninyuḥ'.

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