वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-55, verse-3

कथं नरवरश्रेष्ठ पुत्रौ तौ सह सीतया ।
दुःखितौ सुखसंवृद्धौ वने दुःखं सहिष्यतः ॥३॥

3. kathaṃ naravaraśreṣṭha putrau tau saha sītayā ,
duḥkhitau sukhasaṃvṛddhau vane duḥkhaṃ sahiṣyataḥ.

3. katham naravaraśreṣṭha putrau tau saha sītayā
duḥkhitau sukhasaṃvṛddhau vane duḥkham sahiṣyataḥ

3. naravaraśreṣṭha katham tau putrau sukhasaṃvṛddhau
sītayā saha duḥkhitau vane duḥkham sahiṣyataḥ

3. O best among men, how will those two sons, who have grown up in comfort, along with Sita, endure suffering and distress in the forest?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• नरवरश्रेष्ठ (naravaraśreṣṭha) - O best among men (Dasharatha) (O best among excellent men, O best of men)

• पुत्रौ (putrau) - the two sons (Rama and Lakshmana) (the two sons)

• तौ (tau) - those two

• सह (saha) - along with (with, together with)

• सीतया (sītayā) - with Sita (by/with Sita)

• दुःखितौ (duḥkhitau) - distressed (Rama and Lakshmana) (distressed, suffering, sad (dual))

• सुखसंवृद्धौ (sukhasaṁvṛddhau) - grown up in comfort (Rama and Lakshmana) (grown up in comfort, brought up in happiness (dual))

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, misery, pain

• सहिष्यतः (sahiṣyataḥ) - will endure (the suffering) (they two will endure, will bear)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb, from pronominal root ki-

नरवरश्रेष्ठ (naravaraśreṣṭha) - O best among men (Dasharatha) (O best among excellent men, O best of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naravaraśreṣṭha

naravaraśreṣṭha - best among excellent men, best of men

Compound of nara (man), vara (excellent), and śreṣṭha (best)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+vara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• vara – excellent, best, choice
  adjective (masculine)
  From root vṛ (to choose)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of śrī (beauty, excellence)

Note: An address to Dasharatha.

पुत्रौ (putrau) - the two sons (Rama and Lakshmana) (the two sons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject of sahiṣyataḥ.

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative dual

Note: Agrees with putrau.

सह (saha) - along with (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/adverb, takes instrumental case

Note: Governs sītayā.

सीतया (sītayā) - with Sita (by/with Sita)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita (wife of Rama); furrow

Note: Governed by saha.

दुःखितौ (duḥkhitau) - distressed (Rama and Lakshmana) (distressed, suffering, sad (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, suffering, sad, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

From root duḥkh (to suffer)

Root: duḥkh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with putrau.

सुखसंवृद्धौ (sukhasaṁvṛddhau) - grown up in comfort (Rama and Lakshmana) (grown up in comfort, brought up in happiness (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sukhasaṃvṛddha

sukhasaṁvṛddha - grown up in comfort/happiness

Compound of sukha (happiness) and saṃvṛddha (grown up)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sukha+saṃvṛddha)

• sukha – happiness, comfort, ease
  noun (neuter)
• saṃvṛddha – grown up, increased, prosperous
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛdh (to grow, prosper) with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with putrau.

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Indicates location.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, misery, pain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, misery, pain, sorrow

Note: Object of sahiṣyataḥ.

सहिष्यतः (sahiṣyataḥ) - will endure (the suffering) (they two will endure, will bear)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, future (lṛṭ) of sah

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: The verb for putrau tau.