वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-55, verse-1

वनं गते धर्मपरे रामे रमयतां वरे ।
कौसल्या रुदती स्वार्ता भर्तारमिदमब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. vanaṃ gate dharmapare rāme ramayatāṃ vare ,
kausalyā rudatī svārtā bhartāramidamabravīt.

1. vanam gate dharmapare rāme ramayatām vare
kausalyā rudatī svārtā bhartāram idam abravīt

1. dharmapare ramayatām vare rāme vanam gate
kausalyā svārtā rudatī idam bhartāram abravīt

1. When Rama, who was devoted to his intrinsic nature (dharma) and the foremost among those who bring delight, had departed for the forest, Kausalya, herself distraught and weeping, spoke these words to her husband.

Words meanings summery:

• वनम् (vanam) - to the forest (forest, wood, grove)

• गते (gate) - when (Rama) had gone (having gone, departed)

• धर्मपरे (dharmapare) - devoted to his intrinsic nature (dharma) (devoted to dharma, intent on righteousness)

• रामे (rāme) - when Rama (in Rama, when Rama)

• रमयताम् (ramayatām) - among those who delight/charm

• वरे (vare) - the foremost (among those who bring delight) (in the best, to the best, at the best)

• कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kausalya (mother of Rama)

• रुदती (rudatī) - weeping, crying

• स्वार्ता (svārtā) - herself distraught (deeply distressed, intensely afflicted, suffering herself)

• भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - to her husband (Dasharatha) (to her husband, the nourisher)

• इदम् (idam) - these words (this, these)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

वनम् (vanam) - to the forest (forest, wood, grove)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove; water

Note: Indicates destination.

गते (gate) - when (Rama) had gone (having gone, departed)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with rāme.

धर्मपरे (dharmapare) - devoted to his intrinsic nature (dharma) (devoted to dharma, intent on righteousness)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharmapara

dharmapara - devoted to dharma, intent on duty/righteousness

Compound of dharma (duty) and para (intent on, devoted to)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+para)

• dharma – intrinsic nature, natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• para – supreme, ultimate, highest; devoted to, intent on
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with rāme.

रामे (rāme) - when Rama (in Rama, when Rama)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper noun); pleasing, charming; dark

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

रमयताम् (ramayatām) - among those who delight/charm

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ramayat

ramayat - one who causes delight, charms

Present Active Participle (causative)

From causative of root ram (to delight, enjoy)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Genitive of comparison/group.

वरे (vare) - the foremost (among those who bring delight) (in the best, to the best, at the best)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice; boon

From root vṛ (to choose)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with rāme.

कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kausalya (mother of Rama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kausalya (mother of Rama)

Derived from Kosala (kingdom)

Note: Subject of abravīt.

रुदती (rudatī) - weeping, crying

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rudat

rudat - weeping, crying

Present Active Participle

From root rud (to weep, cry)

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Agrees with kausalyā.

स्वार्ता (svārtā) - herself distraught (deeply distressed, intensely afflicted, suffering herself)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of svārta

svārta - deeply distressed, intensely afflicted

Compound of sva (self, own) and ārta (distressed)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+ārta)

• sva – self, own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go, move) with prefix ā, or from root ṛt (to be distressed)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with kausalyā.

भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - to her husband (Dasharatha) (to her husband, the nourisher)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, supporter, lord, nourisher

Agent noun

From root bhṛ (to bear, support, nourish)

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of abravīt.

इदम् (idam) - these words (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter nominative/accusative singular

Note: Object of abravīt, referring to the speech that follows.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)