वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-28, verse-19

वसन्तीह दृढं भक्त्या गुरुषु द्विजसत्तमाः ।
तेषामपि च मे भूयः सर्वेषां चोपजीविनाम् ॥१९॥

19. vasantīha dṛḍhaṃ bhaktyā guruṣu dvijasattamāḥ ,
teṣāmapi ca me bhūyaḥ sarveṣāṃ copajīvinām.

19. vasanti iha dṛḍham bhaktyā guruṣu dvijasattamāḥ
teṣām api ca me bhūyaḥ sarveṣām ca upajīvinām

19. iha guruṣu dṛḍham bhaktyā dvijasattamāḥ vasanti
teṣām api ca me bhūyaḥ sarveṣām upajīvinām

19. Here, the best among the twice-born (dvijasattamāḥ) dwell with firm devotion (bhakti) towards their teachers (gurus). And also to them, and furthermore, to all my dependants.

Words meanings summery:

• वसन्ति (vasanti) - they dwell, they reside

• इह (iha) - here in this place/context (here, in this world)

• दृढम् (dṛḍham) - firmly in their devotion (firmly, strongly, steadfastly)

• भक्त्या (bhaktyā) - by devotion, with devotion (bhakti)

• गुरुषु (guruṣu) - in teachers, towards teachers/gurus

• द्विजसत्तमाः (dvijasattamāḥ) - the best of the twice-born (Brahmins)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - refers to the Brahmins and ascetics, specifically the `dvijasattamāḥ` mentioned (of them)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• च (ca) - and

• मे (me) - my, of me

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - furthermore as an adverb, introducing another set of recipients (furthermore, again, more)

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

• उपजीविनाम् (upajīvinām) - the speaker's dependants (of dependants, of those who subsist on)

Words meanings and morphology

वसन्ति (vasanti) - they dwell, they reside

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vas

present active

root vas (class 1) with present tense ending -anti (3rd person plural)

Root: vas (class 1)

इह (iha) - here in this place/context (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

दृढम् (dṛḍham) - firmly in their devotion (firmly, strongly, steadfastly)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

past passive participle of dṛh

Root: dṛh (class 1)

Note: Often used adverbially in neuter accusative singular form.

भक्त्या (bhaktyā) - by devotion, with devotion (bhakti)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of bhakti

bhakti - devotion, attachment, worship, loyalty (bhakti)

from root bhaj (to worship, to adore)

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Instrument of dwelling or residing

गुरुषु (guruṣu) - in teachers, towards teachers/gurus

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual preceptor, elder, heavy, important (guru)

Note: Object of their devotion or the place of their dwelling in relation to their teachers

द्विजसत्तमाः (dvijasattamāḥ) - the best of the twice-born (Brahmins)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijasattama

dvijasattama - best of the twice-born (Brahmins)

compound: dvija (twice-born) + sattama (best)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvija+sattama)

• dvija – twice-born (a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth)
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, excellent, most noble
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of sat (good)

Note: Subject of `vasanti`

तेषाम् (teṣām) - refers to the Brahmins and ascetics, specifically the `dvijasattamāḥ` mentioned (of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Enclitic form of the genitive/dative of asmad

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - furthermore as an adverb, introducing another set of recipients (furthermore, again, more)

(indeclinable)

comparative adjective or adverb from bhū (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Agrees with `upajīvinām`

उपजीविनाम् (upajīvinām) - the speaker's dependants (of dependants, of those who subsist on)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of upajīvin

upajīvin - dependant, living upon, subsisting by

from prefix upa- + root jīv (to live)

Prefix: upa

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Refers to those who are maintained by or rely on the speaker

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