वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-28, verse-12

ये च राज्ञो ददौ दिव्ये महात्मा वरुणः स्वयम् ।
जनकस्य महायज्ञे धनुषी रौद्रदर्शने ॥१२॥

12. ye ca rājño dadau divye mahātmā varuṇaḥ svayam ,
janakasya mahāyajñe dhanuṣī raudradarśane.

12. ye ca rājñaḥ dadau divye mahā-ātmā varuṇaḥ svayam
| janakasya mahā-yajñe dhanuṣī raudra-darśane

12. ca ye divye raudra-darśane dhanuṣī varuṇaḥ
mahā-ātmā svayam janakasya mahā-yajñe rājñaḥ dadau

12. And those two divine, fearsome-looking bows, which the great-souled (mahātman) Varuṇa himself had given to the king during Janaka's great ritual (yajña).

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - which (referring to the two bows) (which (dual, masculine/neuter))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - to the king (Janaka) (to the king, of the king)

• ददौ (dadau) - he (Varuṇa) gave (he gave)

• दिव्ये (divye) - divine (divine, heavenly (dual))

• महा-आत्मा (mahā-ātmā) - the great-souled (mahātman) (great-souled, noble-minded)

• वरुणः (varuṇaḥ) - Varuṇa, the god of waters (Varuṇa (name of a deity))

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, personally (oneself, personally, by himself)

• जनकस्य (janakasya) - of Janaka

• महा-यज्ञे (mahā-yajñe) - during Janaka's great ritual (yajña) (in the great sacrifice, at the great ritual)

• धनुषी (dhanuṣī) - the two bows (two bows)

• रौद्र-दर्शने (raudra-darśane) - fearsome-looking (of fearsome appearance, terrifying to behold)

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - which (referring to the two bows) (which (dual, masculine/neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of yad

yad - which, what

Note: agrees with `dhanuṣī`

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - to the king (Janaka) (to the king, of the king)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: The form `rājñaḥ` can be genitive or dative singular for `rājan`. Here, it functions as dative.

ददौ (dadau) - he (Varuṇa) gave (he gave)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dā

perfect tense

root dā (3P/1P) + perfect ending for 3rd singular

Root: dā (class 3)

दिव्ये (divye) - divine (divine, heavenly (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, dual of divya

divya - divine, heavenly, celestial

Note: agrees with `dhanuṣī`

महा-आत्मा (mahā-ātmā) - the great-souled (mahātman) (great-souled, noble-minded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahā-ātman

mahā-ātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: qualifies Varuṇa

वरुणः (varuṇaḥ) - Varuṇa, the god of waters (Varuṇa (name of a deity))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of varuṇa

varuṇa - Varuṇa (a Vedic deity, god of cosmic order, ocean, and celestial waters)

Note: Subject of 'dadau'

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, personally (oneself, personally, by himself)

(indeclinable)

Note: emphatic particle

जनकस्य (janakasya) - of Janaka

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of janaka

janaka - Janaka (name of a king, Sītā's father), father

Note: modifies `mahā-yajñe`

महा-यज्ञे (mahā-yajñe) - during Janaka's great ritual (yajña) (in the great sacrifice, at the great ritual)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahā-yajña

mahā-yajña - great sacrifice, great ritual

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+yajña)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• yajña – sacrifice, ritual, worship
  noun (masculine)

धनुषी (dhanuṣī) - the two bows (two bows)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Note: Dual object of 'dadau'.

रौद्र-दर्शने (raudra-darśane) - fearsome-looking (of fearsome appearance, terrifying to behold)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, dual of raudra-darśana

raudra-darśana - of fierce appearance, terrifying to behold

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rudra+darśana)

• rudra – fierce, terrible, related to Rudra
  adjective (masculine)
• darśana – sight, appearance, vision
  noun (neuter)
  root dṛś + lyuṭ
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: agrees with `dhanuṣī`