वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-24, verse-19

तथा ब्रुवाणामपि धर्मवत्सलो न च स्म सीतां नृवरो निनीषति ।
उवाच चैनां बहु संनिवर्तने वने निवासस्य च दुःखितां प्रति ॥१९॥

19. tathā bruvāṇāmapi dharmavatsalo na ca sma sītāṃ nṛvaro ninīṣati ,
uvāca caināṃ bahu saṃnivartane vane nivāsasya ca duḥkhitāṃ prati.

19. tathā bruvāṇām api dharmavatsalaḥ
na ca sma sītām nṛvaraḥ ninīṣati
uvāca ca enām bahu saṃnivartane
vane nivāsasya ca duḥkhitām prati

19. nṛvaraḥ dharmavatsalaḥ tathā bruvāṇām
api sītām ninīṣati na ca sma
enām duḥkhitām saṃnivartane vane
nivāsasya ca prati bahu uvāca ca

19. Even though she (Sita) was speaking thus (insisting on accompanying him), the best among men (Rama), who was devoted to righteousness (dharma), did not wish to take Sita (with him to the forest). Instead, he spoke much to her, who was distressed, urging her to return (home) and explaining the hardships of living in the forest.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• ब्रुवाणाम् (bruvāṇām) - of Sita, while she was speaking (insisting) (of her speaking, to her speaking, while speaking)

• अपि (api) - even though, despite (even, also, too, despite)

• धर्मवत्सलः (dharmavatsalaḥ) - Rama, who is devoted to righteousness (dharma) (devoted to righteousness, fond of (dharma))

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (often indicates past tense when used with present verb)

• सीताम् (sītām) - princess Sita, wife of Rama (Sita)

• नृवरः (nṛvaraḥ) - Rama, the best among men (best of men, excellent man)

• निनीषति (ninīṣati) - did not wish to take (Sita with him) (wishes to lead, desires to take)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Rama spoke (he said, he spoke)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एनाम् (enām) - Sita (her, this (feminine accusative singular))

• बहु (bahu) - spoke much, spoke extensively (much, many, greatly)

• संनिवर्तने (saṁnivartane) - about her returning (home) (in returning, about returning)

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• निवासस्य (nivāsasya) - of residing (in the forest) (of dwelling, of staying, of residence)

• च (ca) - and, also

• दुःखिताम् (duḥkhitām) - to her (Sita) who was distressed (distressed, sorrowful, unhappy)

• प्रति (prati) - regarding her distress (towards, regarding, concerning)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवाणाम् (bruvāṇām) - of Sita, while she was speaking (insisting) (of her speaking, to her speaking, while speaking)

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bruvāṇa

bruvāṇa - speaking, telling, uttering

Present Middle Participle

From root 'brū' (to speak) with Śānac suffix

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Used as an adjective modifying a feminine noun (Sītām)

अपि (api) - even though, despite (even, also, too, despite)

(indeclinable)

धर्मवत्सलः (dharmavatsalaḥ) - Rama, who is devoted to righteousness (dharma) (devoted to righteousness, fond of (dharma))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavatsala

dharmavatsala - devoted to righteousness, fond of law/duty/virtue

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vatsala)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, virtue, constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vatsala – affectionate, tender, fond of, devoted to
  adjective (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (often indicates past tense when used with present verb)

(indeclinable)

सीताम् (sītām) - princess Sita, wife of Rama (Sita)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita (name of Janaka's daughter, Rama's wife)

नृवरः (nṛvaraḥ) - Rama, the best among men (best of men, excellent man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛvara

nṛvara - best of men, excellent man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+vara)

• nṛ – man, human being, leader
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent, boon, choice
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

निनीषति (ninīṣati) - did not wish to take (Sita with him) (wishes to lead, desires to take)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ninīṣ

Desiderative

Desiderative form of root 'nī' (to lead)

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: sma used with present tense ninīṣati indicates past action.

उवाच (uvāca) - Rama spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect tense 3rd person singular of root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एनाम् (enām) - Sita (her, this (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ena

ena - this, that

बहु (bahu) - spoke much, spoke extensively (much, many, greatly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially

संनिवर्तने (saṁnivartane) - about her returning (home) (in returning, about returning)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃnivartana

saṁnivartana - returning, going back, bringing back

Verbal noun

From root 'vṛt' with upasargas 'sam' and 'ni'

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

निवासस्य (nivāsasya) - of residing (in the forest) (of dwelling, of staying, of residence)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nivāsa

nivāsa - dwelling, residing, residence, abode

From root 'vas' (to dwell) with upasarga 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

दुःखिताम् (duḥkhitām) - to her (Sita) who was distressed (distressed, sorrowful, unhappy)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, grieved, unhappy, suffering

Past Passive Participle

From root 'duḥkh' (to suffer, to grieve)

Root: duḥkh (class 1)

प्रति (prati) - regarding her distress (towards, regarding, concerning)

(indeclinable)