वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-73, verse-2

विश्वामित्रो गते राजा वैदेहं मिथिलाधिपम् ।
आपृच्छ्याथ जगामाशु राजा दशरथः पुरीम् ॥२॥

2. viśvāmitro gate rājā vaidehaṃ mithilādhipam ,
āpṛcchyātha jagāmāśu rājā daśarathaḥ purīm.

2. viśvāmitre gate rājā videham mithilādhipam
āpṛcchya atha jagāma āśu rājā daśarathaḥ purīm

2. viśvāmitre gate (sati) rājā daśarathaḥ atha
videham mithilādhipam āpṛcchya āśu purīm jagāma

2. After Viśvāmitra had departed, King Daśaratha, having then bid farewell to Vaideha, the ruler of Mithila, quickly returned to his city.

Words meanings summery:

• विश्वामित्रे (viśvāmitre) - when Viśvāmitra had gone (in Viśvāmitra, when Viśvāmitra)

• गते (gate) - after his departure (gone, departed, having gone)

• राजा (rājā) - King Daśaratha (implied, the subject of the next clause) (king)

• वैदेहम् (vaideham) - to King Janaka, who ruled Videha (to Vaideha, the ruler of Videha)

• मिथिलाधिपम् (mithilādhipam) - King Janaka, who was also lord of Mithila (ruler of Mithila)

• आपृच्छ्य (āpṛcchya) - after formally taking permission to depart from Janaka (having bid farewell, having taken leave of)

• अथ (atha) - marking the next sequence of events (then, now, thereupon)

• जगाम (jagāma) - King Daśaratha went (he went)

• आशु (āśu) - without delay (quickly, swiftly)

• राजा (rājā) - King Daśaratha (king)

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King Daśaratha of Ayodhya (Daśaratha (name of a king))

• पुरीम् (purīm) - to his own city, Ayodhya (to the city)

Words meanings and morphology

विश्वामित्रे (viśvāmitre) - when Viśvāmitra had gone (in Viśvāmitra, when Viśvāmitra)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - friend of all, name of a celebrated sage

Compound type : tatpurusha (viśva+mitra)

• viśva – all, whole, universal
  adjective (neuter)
• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

गते (gate) - after his departure (gone, departed, having gone)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived at

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) with kta suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with viśvāmitre.

राजा (rājā) - King Daśaratha (implied, the subject of the next clause) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: This 'rājā' serves as an anticipatory subject, specified later by 'daśarathaḥ'.

वैदेहम् (vaideham) - to King Janaka, who ruled Videha (to Vaideha, the ruler of Videha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of videha

videha - name of a country, its ruler (Janaka)

Derived from Videha (country) with aṇ suffix meaning 'king of Videha'.

Note: Object of āpṛcchya.

मिथिलाधिपम् (mithilādhipam) - King Janaka, who was also lord of Mithila (ruler of Mithila)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mithilādhipa

mithilādhipa - ruler of Mithila

Compound: Mithilā (name of city) + adhipa (ruler). Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (mithilā+adhipa)

• mithilā – Mithila (name of a city, capital of Videha)
  proper noun (feminine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, king
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect) with upasarga adhi.
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Appositive to 'vaideham', both objects of āpṛcchya.

आपृच्छ्य (āpṛcchya) - after formally taking permission to depart from Janaka (having bid farewell, having taken leave of)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root pracch (to ask, inquire) with upasarga ā and suffix -ya (after upasarga).

Prefix: ā

Root: pracch (class 6)

Note: Indicates action preceding jagāma.

अथ (atha) - marking the next sequence of events (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicating temporal sequence, often used with absolutives.

जगाम (jagāma) - King Daśaratha went (he went)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root gam.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.

आशु (āśu) - without delay (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying jagāma.

राजा (rājā) - King Daśaratha (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of jagāma.

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King Daśaratha of Ayodhya (Daśaratha (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - having ten chariots, name of Rama's father

Bahuvrihi compound: daśa (ten) + ratha (chariot).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (daśa+ratha)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Identifies the king.

पुरीम् (purīm) - to his own city, Ayodhya (to the city)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of purī

purī - city, town

Note: Destination of jagāma.

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