वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-73, verse-17

कैलासमिव दुर्धर्षं कालाग्निमिव दुःसहम् ।
ज्वलन्तमिव तेजोभिर्दुर्निरीक्ष्यं पृथग्जनैः ॥१७॥

17. kailāsamiva durdharṣaṃ kālāgnimiva duḥsaham ,
jvalantamiva tejobhirdurnirīkṣyaṃ pṛthagjanaiḥ.

17. kailāsam iva durdharṣam kālāgnim iva duḥsaham
jvalantam iva tejobhiḥ durnirīkṣyam pṛthagjanaiḥ

17. kailāsam iva durdharṣam,
kālāgnim iva duḥsaham,
tejobhiḥ iva jvalantam,
pṛthagjanaiḥ durnirīkṣyam

17. He was unassailable like Mount Kailāsa, intolerable like the fire of cosmic destruction (kālāgni), blazing with effulgence, and difficult for ordinary people to behold.

Words meanings summery:

• कैलासम् (kailāsam) - Mount Kailāsa

• इव (iva) - like (as if, like, similar to)

• दुर्धर्षम् (durdharṣam) - unassailable (unassailable, irresistible, difficult to attack)

• कालाग्निम् (kālāgnim) - the fire of cosmic destruction (kālāgni) (the fire of destruction, the fire at the end of a cosmic age)

• इव (iva) - like (as if, like, similar to)

• दुःसहम् (duḥsaham) - intolerable (intolerable, unbearable, difficult to endure)

• ज्वलन्तम् (jvalantam) - blazing (burning, blazing, shining)

• इव (iva) - (implicitly 'as if') (as if, like, similar to)

• तेजोभिः (tejobhiḥ) - with effulgence (by splendors, by effulgences, by powers)

• दुर्निरीक्ष्यम् (durnirīkṣyam) - difficult to behold (difficult to behold, hard to look at)

• पृथग्जनैः (pṛthagjanaiḥ) - by ordinary people (by ordinary people, by common folk, by separate individuals)

Words meanings and morphology

कैलासम् (kailāsam) - Mount Kailāsa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kailāsa

kailāsa - Mount Kailāsa (mythical abode of Shiva)

Note: Used in comparison.

इव (iva) - like (as if, like, similar to)

(indeclinable)

दुर्धर्षम् (durdharṣam) - unassailable (unassailable, irresistible, difficult to attack)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - unassailable, irresistible, difficult to attack

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle with prefix 'dur'

From dur + root √dhṛṣ (to be bold)

Prefix: dur

Root: dhṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied object from the previous verse.

कालाग्निम् (kālāgnim) - the fire of cosmic destruction (kālāgni) (the fire of destruction, the fire at the end of a cosmic age)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kālāgni

kālāgni - the fire of destruction, fire at the end of a cosmic age

Compound (Tatpuruṣa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+agni)

• kāla – time, death, cosmic age
  noun (masculine)
• agni – fire
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used in comparison.

इव (iva) - like (as if, like, similar to)

(indeclinable)

दुःसहम् (duḥsaham) - intolerable (intolerable, unbearable, difficult to endure)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥsaha

duḥsaha - intolerable, unbearable, difficult to endure

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle with prefix 'dus'

From dus + root √sah (to bear, endure)

Prefix: dus

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied object from the previous verse.

ज्वलन्तम् (jvalantam) - blazing (burning, blazing, shining)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jvalat

jvalat - burning, blazing, shining

Present Active Participle

From root √jval (to burn, blaze)

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied object from the previous verse.

इव (iva) - (implicitly 'as if') (as if, like, similar to)

(indeclinable)

तेजोभिः (tejobhiḥ) - with effulgence (by splendors, by effulgences, by powers)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tejas

tejas - splendor, effulgence, power, brilliance

Note: Indicates the means by which he was blazing.

दुर्निरीक्ष्यम् (durnirīkṣyam) - difficult to behold (difficult to behold, hard to look at)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durnirīkṣya

durnirīkṣya - difficult to behold, hard to look at

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle with prefix 'dur-ni'

From dur + nir + root √īkṣ (to see)

Prefixes: dur+nir

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied object from the previous verse.

पृथग्जनैः (pṛthagjanaiḥ) - by ordinary people (by ordinary people, by common folk, by separate individuals)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pṛthagjana

pṛthagjana - ordinary person, common folk, separate individual

Compound (Tatpuruṣa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛthak+jana)

• pṛthak – separate, distinct, individually
  indeclinable
• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent for durnirīkṣyam.

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