वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-73, verse-1

अथ रात्र्यां व्यतीतायां विश्वामित्रो महामुनिः ।
आपृच्छ्य तौ च राजानौ जगामोत्तरपर्वतम् ॥१॥

1. atha rātryāṃ vyatītāyāṃ viśvāmitro mahāmuniḥ ,
āpṛcchya tau ca rājānau jagāmottaraparvatam.

1. atha rātryām vyatītāyām viśvāmitraḥ mahāmuniḥ
āpṛcchya tau ca rājānau jagāma uttaraparvatam

1. atha rātryām vyatītāyām (sati) mahāmuniḥ viśvāmitraḥ
tau rājānau ca āpṛcchya uttaraparvatam jagāma

1. Then, after the night had passed, the great sage Viśvāmitra, having bid farewell to those two kings, departed for the northern mountain.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - marking the next sequence of events (then, now, thereupon)

• रात्र्याम् (rātryām) - after the wedding night (in the night, during the night)

• व्यतीतायाम् (vyatītāyām) - when the night had ended (passed, gone by, elapsed)

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - the specific sage Viśvāmitra (Viśvāmitra (name of a sage))

• महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - a descriptive epithet for Viśvāmitra (great sage)

• आपृच्छ्य (āpṛcchya) - after formally taking permission to depart (having bid farewell, having taken leave of)

• तौ (tau) - King Daśaratha and King Janaka (those two)

• च (ca) - connecting 'those two' and 'kings' as a single entity (the two kings) (and)

• राजानौ (rājānau) - King Daśaratha and King Janaka (two kings)

• जगाम (jagāma) - Viśvāmitra went (he went)

• उत्तरपर्वतम् (uttaraparvatam) - to the Himalayas or a northern range, his usual abode (to the northern mountain)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - marking the next sequence of events (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicating temporal sequence.

रात्र्याम् (rātryām) - after the wedding night (in the night, during the night)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

व्यतीतायाम् (vyatītāyām) - when the night had ended (passed, gone by, elapsed)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of vyatīta

vyatīta - passed away, gone by, elapsed

Past Passive Participle

From root i (to go) with upasargas vi and ati.

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with rātryām.

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - the specific sage Viśvāmitra (Viśvāmitra (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - friend of all, name of a celebrated sage

Compound: viśva (all) + mitra (friend).

Compound type : tatpurusha (viśva+mitra)

• viśva – all, whole, universal
  adjective (neuter)
• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of jagāma.

महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - a descriptive epithet for Viśvāmitra (great sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic

Compound: mahā (great) + muni (sage). Karmadharaya compound.

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• muni – sage, ascetic, hermit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'viśvāmitraḥ'.

आपृच्छ्य (āpṛcchya) - after formally taking permission to depart (having bid farewell, having taken leave of)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root pracch (to ask, inquire) with upasarga ā and suffix -ya (after upasarga).

Prefix: ā

Root: pracch (class 6)

Note: Indicates action preceding jagāma.

तौ (tau) - King Daśaratha and King Janaka (those two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the two kings.

च (ca) - connecting 'those two' and 'kings' as a single entity (the two kings) (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

राजानौ (rājānau) - King Daśaratha and King Janaka (two kings)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Object of āpṛcchya.

जगाम (jagāma) - Viśvāmitra went (he went)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root gam.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

उत्तरपर्वतम् (uttaraparvatam) - to the Himalayas or a northern range, his usual abode (to the northern mountain)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttaraparvata

uttaraparvata - northern mountain, the Himalayas

Compound: uttara (northern) + parvata (mountain). Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (uttara+parvata)

• uttara – northern, upper, later
  adjective (neuter)
• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)

Note: Destination of jagāma.

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