वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-73, verse-10

तान्दृष्ट्वा राजशार्दूलो वसिष्ठं पर्यपृच्छत ।
असौम्याः पक्षिणो घोरा मृगाश्चापि प्रदक्षिणाः ।
किमिदं हृदयोत्कम्पि मनो मम विषीदति ॥१०॥

10. tāndṛṣṭvā rājaśārdūlo vasiṣṭhaṃ paryapṛcchata ,
asaumyāḥ pakṣiṇo ghorā mṛgāścāpi pradakṣiṇāḥ ,
kimidaṃ hṛdayotkampi mano mama viṣīdati.

10. tān dṛṣṭvā rājaśārdūlaḥ vasiṣṭham
paryapṛcchat asaumyāḥ pakṣiṇaḥ ghorāḥ
mṛgāḥ ca api pradakṣiṇāḥ kim
idam hṛdayotkampi manaḥ mama viṣīdati

10. rājaśārdūlaḥ tān dṛṣṭvā vasiṣṭham
paryapṛcchat asaumyāḥ pakṣiṇaḥ ghorāḥ
ca api mṛgāḥ pradakṣiṇāḥ kim
idam hṛdayotkampi mama manaḥ viṣīdati

10. Having seen those signs, the tiger among kings (Daśaratha) asked Vasiṣṭha: 'The birds are inauspicious and dreadful, yet the animals are moving auspiciously. What is this that causes my heart to tremble? My mind is becoming distressed.'

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those (signs mentioned in the previous verse) (those, them)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• राजशार्दूलः (rājaśārdūlaḥ) - King Daśaratha (tiger among kings, best of kings)

• वसिष्ठम् (vasiṣṭham) - the sage Vasiṣṭha (Vasiṣṭha (proper noun))

• पर्यपृच्छत् (paryapṛcchat) - asked, questioned

• असौम्याः (asaumyāḥ) - inauspicious (referring to birds) (inauspicious, not mild, unpleasant)

• पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - birds

• घोराः (ghorāḥ) - dreadful (referring to birds) (dreadful, terrible, ominous)

• मृगाः (mṛgāḥ) - deer, wild animals

• च (ca) - yet, but (in contrast to birds) (and)

• अपि (api) - also, indeed (also, even)

• प्रदक्षिणाः (pradakṣiṇāḥ) - auspicious (referring to animals) (auspicious, moving to the right)

• किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

• इदम् (idam) - this (phenomenon) (this)

• हृदयोत्कम्पि (hṛdayotkampi) - heart-shaking, causing the heart to tremble

• मनः (manaḥ) - my mind/heart (mind, heart, intellect)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• विषीदति (viṣīdati) - is becoming distressed (is dejected, sinks, is distressed, becomes sad)

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those (signs mentioned in the previous verse) (those, them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root `dṛś` (class 1, `paśyati`).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राजशार्दूलः (rājaśārdūlaḥ) - King Daśaratha (tiger among kings, best of kings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājaśārdūla

rājaśārdūla - chief of kings, lion-like king

`rājan` (king) + `śārdūla` (tiger) - upamita samāsa (comparison compound), meaning "best of X".

Compound type : upamita tatpuruṣa (rājan+śārdūla)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• śārdūla – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Daśaratha.

वसिष्ठम् (vasiṣṭham) - the sage Vasiṣṭha (Vasiṣṭha (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - name of a celebrated Vedic sage

पर्यपृच्छत् (paryapṛcchat) - asked, questioned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pari-prach

Root `prach` (class 6, `pṛcchati`) with prefix `pari`. Imperfect active 3rd singular.

Prefix: pari

Root: prach (class 6)

असौम्याः (asaumyāḥ) - inauspicious (referring to birds) (inauspicious, not mild, unpleasant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asaumya

asaumya - inauspicious, not gentle, unpleasant, fierce

`a` (not) + `saumya` (auspicious, gentle).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+saumya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• saumya – auspicious, gentle, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
  From `soma` (Moon, also a plant/drink).

पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - birds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature

From `pakṣa` (wing) + `in` suffix.

घोराः (ghorāḥ) - dreadful (referring to birds) (dreadful, terrible, ominous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, formidable, ominous

मृगाः (mṛgāḥ) - deer, wild animals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mṛga

mṛga - deer, game, wild animal

Root: mṛg (class 6)

च (ca) - yet, but (in contrast to birds) (and)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, indeed (also, even)

(indeclinable)

प्रदक्षिणाः (pradakṣiṇāḥ) - auspicious (referring to animals) (auspicious, moving to the right)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pradakṣiṇa

pradakṣiṇa - auspicious, going to the right, clockwise

`pra` (forth) + `dakṣiṇa` (right).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pra+dakṣiṇa)

• pra – forth, forward, before
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• dakṣiṇa – right, southern, dexterous, able
  adjective (masculine)

किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, who?, which?, why?

Interrogative pronoun/adverb.

इदम् (idam) - this (phenomenon) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Demonstrative pronoun.

हृदयोत्कम्पि (hṛdayotkampi) - heart-shaking, causing the heart to tremble

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hṛdayotkampi

hṛdayotkampi - causing the heart to tremble, disturbing the heart

`hṛdaya` (heart) + `utkampi` (trembling, causing to tremble). Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hṛdaya+utkampi)

• hṛdaya – heart, mind, core
  noun (neuter)
• utkampi – trembling, causing to tremble, agitated
  adjective (masculine)
  From `ut-kamp` (to tremble)
  Prefix: ut
  Root: kamp (class 1)

मनः (manaḥ) - my mind/heart (mind, heart, intellect)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, spirit

Root: man (class 4)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Genitive singular of `asmad`.

विषीदति (viṣīdati) - is becoming distressed (is dejected, sinks, is distressed, becomes sad)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vi-sad

Root `sad` (class 1, `sīdati`) with prefix `vi`. Present active 3rd singular.

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: The subject is `manaḥ`.

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