वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-73, verse-14

तमसा संवृतः सूर्यः सर्वा न प्रबभुर्दिशः ।
भस्मना चावृतं सर्वं संमूढमिव तद्बलम् ॥१४॥

14. tamasā saṃvṛtaḥ sūryaḥ sarvā na prababhurdiśaḥ ,
bhasmanā cāvṛtaṃ sarvaṃ saṃmūḍhamiva tadbalam.

14. tamasā saṃvṛtaḥ sūryaḥ sarvāḥ na prababhūvuḥ diśaḥ
bhasmanā ca āvṛtam sarvam saṃmūḍham iva tad balam

14. sūryaḥ tamasā saṃvṛtaḥ (āsīt); sarvāḥ diśaḥ na prababhūvuḥ (ca); sarvam bhasmanā āvṛtam (āsīt); tad balam saṃmūḍham iva (āsīt).

14. The sun was covered by darkness (tamasā); all directions did not shine. Everything was covered with ash, and that army (balam) seemed as if bewildered.

Words meanings summery:

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness, by gloom

• संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - covered, enveloped, concealed

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun, sun god

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, entire

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रबभूवुः (prababhūvuḥ) - they did not shine (due to darkness/ash) (they shone, they appeared)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters of the sky

• भस्मना (bhasmanā) - by ash, with ash

• च (ca) - and

• आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - covered, enveloped

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• संमूढम् (saṁmūḍham) - bewildered, confused, stupified

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• तद् (tad) - that, that one

• बलम् (balam) - army, force, strength

Words meanings and morphology

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness, by gloom

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, inertia (one of the three guṇas)

संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - covered, enveloped, concealed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvṛta

saṁvṛta - covered, enveloped, concealed, surrounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛ (to cover, to choose) with upasarga sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with sūryaḥ.

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun, sun god

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - the sun, the sun god

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'was'.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, entire

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with diśaḥ. Visarga implied for sandhi, though not explicit in Devanagari.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'prababhūvuḥ'.

प्रबभूवुः (prababhūvuḥ) - they did not shine (due to darkness/ash) (they shone, they appeared)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of prabhū

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice of root bhū (to be) with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Verb for diśaḥ.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters of the sky

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky, region

Note: Subject of 'prababhūvuḥ'.

भस्मना (bhasmanā) - by ash, with ash

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bhasman

bhasman - ash, dust, cinders

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - covered, enveloped

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, enveloped, surrounded, concealed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛ (to cover) with upasarga ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with sarvam.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'was'.

संमूढम् (saṁmūḍham) - bewildered, confused, stupified

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃmūḍha

saṁmūḍha - bewildered, confused, infatuated, stupified

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root muh (to be bewildered) with upasarga sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with balam.

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates comparison.

तद् (tad) - that, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, it

Note: Agrees with balam.

बलम् (balam) - army, force, strength

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

Note: Subject of implied verb 'was'.

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