वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-68, verse-7

गत्वा चतुरहं मार्गं विदेहानभ्युपेयिवान् ।
राजा तु जनकः श्रीमाञ् श्रुत्वा पूजामकल्पयत् ॥७॥

7. gatvā caturahaṃ mārgaṃ videhānabhyupeyivān ,
rājā tu janakaḥ śrīmāñ śrutvā pūjāmakalpayat.

7. gatvā caturaham mārgam videhān abhyupeyivān
rājā tu janakaḥ śrīmān śrutvā pūjām akalpayat

7. caturaham mārgam gatvā videhān abhyupeyivān
tu śrīmān rājā janakaḥ śrutvā pūjām akalpayat

7. Having traveled the path for four days, he reached Videha. The glorious King Janaka, upon hearing [of his arrival], arranged for hospitality.

Words meanings summery:

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having traveled (having gone)

• चतुरहम् (caturaham) - for four days (for four days, four-day (period))

• मार्गम् (mārgam) - path (path, road)

• विदेहान् (videhān) - (to) the country of Videha ((to) Videha (the country/people))

• अभ्युपेयिवान् (abhyupeyivān) - he reached (he who has approached, he reached)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• तु (tu) - (introduces a new subject/clause) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• जनकः (janakaḥ) - Janaka (proper name of a king)

• श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious (glorious, prosperous, splendid)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - upon hearing (of his arrival) (having heard)

• पूजाम् (pūjām) - hospitality (worship, honor, hospitality)

• अकल्पयत् (akalpayat) - arranged (for hospitality) (he arranged, he prepared)

Words meanings and morphology

गत्वा (gatvā) - having traveled (having gone)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root gam + -tvā suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

चतुरहम् (caturaham) - for four days (for four days, four-day (period))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of caturaha

caturaha - a period of four days

Compound type : dvigu (catur+ahan)

• catur – four
  numeral
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially to denote duration of time

मार्गम् (mārgam) - path (path, road)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mārga

mārga - road, path, way; search, inquiry

विदेहान् (videhān) - (to) the country of Videha ((to) Videha (the country/people))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of Videha

Videha - Videha (name of an ancient kingdom and its people)

Note: Refers to the country or its inhabitants.

अभ्युपेयिवान् (abhyupeyivān) - he reached (he who has approached, he reached)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhi-upa-√i

i - to go

Perfect Active Participle

Root i, with prefixes abhi-upa-. Perfect Active Participle suffix -vas

Prefixes: abhi+upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Often functions as a finite verb in narrative.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

तु (tu) - (introduces a new subject/clause) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

जनकः (janakaḥ) - Janaka (proper name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Janaka

Janaka - Janaka (name of a famous king of Videha)

श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious (glorious, prosperous, splendid)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīmat

śrīmat - glorious, splendid, prosperous, fortunate

Suffix -mat indicates possession of śrī (glory, wealth)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - upon hearing (of his arrival) (having heard)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root śru + -tvā suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

पूजाम् (pūjām) - hospitality (worship, honor, hospitality)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pūjā

pūjā - worship, honor, reverence, hospitality

अकल्पयत् (akalpayat) - arranged (for hospitality) (he arranged, he prepared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √kḷp

Imperfect 3rd singular (Causative)

Root kḷp, causative form kalpa, Imperfect tense

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Causative verb. Augment 'a' before root indicates Imperfect tense

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