वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-68, verse-5

एते द्विजाः प्रयान्त्वग्रे स्यन्दनं योजयस्व मे ।
यथा कालात्ययो न स्याद्दूता हि त्वरयन्ति माम् ॥५॥

5. ete dvijāḥ prayāntvagre syandanaṃ yojayasva me ,
yathā kālātyayo na syāddūtā hi tvarayanti mām.

5. ete dvijāḥ prayāntu agre syandanam yojayasva me
dūtāḥ hi tvarayanti mām yathā kālātyayaḥ na syāt

5. ete dvijāḥ agre prayāntu me syandanam yojayasva
hi dūtāḥ mām tvarayanti yathā kālātyayaḥ na syāt

5. Let these twice-born ones (dvija) go forth first. Harness my chariot for me. Messengers are indeed pressing me, so that there may be no delay.

Words meanings summery:

• एते (ete) - these

• द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - Brahmins (dvija) (twice-born ones (Brahmins))

• प्रयान्तु (prayāntu) - let them go forth, let them proceed

• अग्रे (agre) - first, ahead (in front, first, ahead)

• स्यन्दनम् (syandanam) - chariot (chariot, vehicle)

• योजयस्व (yojayasva) - harness (yoke, harness, prepare)

• मे (me) - for me (to me, for me, my)

• दूताः (dūtāḥ) - messengers

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, because)

• त्वरयन्ति (tvarayanti) - they are pressing/hurrying (they hurry, they hasten)

• माम् (mām) - me

• यथा (yathā) - so that (so that, as, in order that)

• कालात्ययः (kālātyayaḥ) - delay (loss of time, delay)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• स्यात् (syāt) - may there be (may it be, let it be)

Words meanings and morphology

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - Brahmins (dvija) (twice-born ones (Brahmins))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a Brahmin, a Kṣatriya, a Vaiśya); a bird; a tooth

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  suffix -ja
  Derived from root jan- 'to be born'
  Root: jan (class 4)

प्रयान्तु (prayāntu) - let them go forth, let them proceed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of pra-√yā

Imperative 3rd plural

Root yā, with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

अग्रे (agre) - first, ahead (in front, first, ahead)

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative case used adverbially

स्यन्दनम् (syandanam) - chariot (chariot, vehicle)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of syandana

syandana - chariot, car; flowing, stream

Root: syand (class 1)

योजयस्व (yojayasva) - harness (yoke, harness, prepare)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of √yuj

Causative Imperative 2nd singular (Ātmanepada)

Root yuj, causative form yojana, Imperative middle voice

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Causative verb

मे (me) - for me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Enclitic form

दूताः (dūtāḥ) - messengers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dūta

dūta - messenger, envoy

हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

त्वरयन्ति (tvarayanti) - they are pressing/hurrying (they hurry, they hasten)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of √tvar

Causative Present 3rd plural

Root tvar, causative form tvaraya, Present tense

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Causative verb

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

यथा (yathā) - so that (so that, as, in order that)

(indeclinable)

कालात्ययः (kālātyayaḥ) - delay (loss of time, delay)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kālātyaya

kālātyaya - lapse of time, delay, passing away of time

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+atyaya)

• kāla – time, season, proper time
  noun (masculine)
• atyaya – passing over, lapse, transgression, ruin
  noun (masculine)
  From ati-√i (to go beyond)
  Prefix: ati
  Root: i (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - may there be (may it be, let it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of √as

Optative 3rd singular

Root as, Optative mood

Root: as (class 2)