वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-6, verse-24

तां सत्यनामां दृढतोरणार्गलाम् गृहैर्विचित्रैरुपशोभितां शिवाम् ।
पुरीमयोध्यां नृसहस्रसंकुलां शशास वै शक्रसमो महीपतिः ॥२४॥

24. tāṃ satyanāmāṃ dṛḍhatoraṇārgalām gṛhairvicitrairupaśobhitāṃ śivām ,
purīmayodhyāṃ nṛsahasrasaṃkulāṃ śaśāsa vai śakrasamo mahīpatiḥ.

24. tām satyanāmām dṛḍhatoraṇārgalām
gṛhaiḥ vicitraiḥ upaśobhitām śivām
purīm ayodhyām nṛsahastrasaṃkulām
śaśāsa vai śakrasamaḥ mahīpatiḥ

24. śakrasamaḥ mahīpatiḥ vai tām
satyanāmām dṛḍhatoraṇārgalām vicitraiḥ
gṛhaiḥ upaśobhitām śivām
nṛsahastrasaṃkulām purīm ayodhyām śaśāsa

24. A king, indeed equal to Indra, ruled that city of Ayodhyā, which was renowned as Satyanāmā, fortified with strong gates and crossbars, adorned with splendid, diverse houses, auspicious, and teeming with thousands of people.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (city) (that (feminine singular accusative))

• सत्यनामाम् (satyanāmām) - renowned as Satyanāmā (truly named, renowned by a true name)

• दृढतोरणार्गलाम् (dṛḍhatoraṇārgalām) - fortified with strong gates and crossbars (with strong gates and crossbars)

• गृहैः (gṛhaiḥ) - by houses

• विचित्रैः (vicitraiḥ) - by splendid and diverse (houses) (by diverse, splendid, variegated)

• उपशोभिताम् (upaśobhitām) - adorned (by houses) (adorned, beautified)

• शिवाम् (śivām) - auspicious (auspicious, propitious, benevolent)

• पुरीम् (purīm) - the city (city, town (accusative))

• अयोध्याम् (ayodhyām) - the city Ayodhyā (Ayodhyā (the city))

• नृसहस्त्रसंकुलाम् (nṛsahastrasaṁkulām) - crowded with thousands of people (crowded with thousands of men)

• शशास (śaśāsa) - ruled (ruled, governed, commanded)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, surely)

• शक्रसमः (śakrasamaḥ) - equal to Indra

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - the king (king, lord of the earth)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (city) (that (feminine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to "purīm Ayodhyām".

सत्यनामाम् (satyanāmām) - renowned as Satyanāmā (truly named, renowned by a true name)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of satyanāman

satyanāman - truly named, whose name is truth, renowned by a true name

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+nāman)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• nāman – name, appellation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies "purīm Ayodhyām".

दृढतोरणार्गलाम् (dṛḍhatoraṇārgalām) - fortified with strong gates and crossbars (with strong gates and crossbars)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dṛḍhatoraṇārgala

dṛḍhatoraṇārgala - having strong gates (toraṇa) and crossbars (argala)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dṛḍha+toraṇa+argala)

• dṛḍha – strong, firm, solid
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √dṛh (to be firm).
  Root: dṛh (class 1)
• toraṇa – arched gateway, portal
  noun (neuter)
• argala – bolt, bar, crossbar (for a door)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies "purīm Ayodhyām".

गृहैः (gṛhaiḥ) - by houses

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of gṛha

gṛha - house, dwelling, home

Note: Agent of "upaśobhitām".

विचित्रैः (vicitraiḥ) - by splendid and diverse (houses) (by diverse, splendid, variegated)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vicitra

vicitra - diverse, variegated, splendid, wonderful, adorned

Note: Modifies "gṛhaiḥ".

उपशोभिताम् (upaśobhitām) - adorned (by houses) (adorned, beautified)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upaśobhita

upaśobhita - adorned, beautified, decorated

Past Passive Participle

From upa-√śubh (to shine, be beautiful)

Prefix: upa

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Modifies "purīm Ayodhyām".

शिवाम् (śivām) - auspicious (auspicious, propitious, benevolent)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śiva

śiva - auspicious, propitious, benevolent, prosperous; name of a deity

Note: Modifies "purīm Ayodhyām".

पुरीम् (purīm) - the city (city, town (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of purī

purī - city, town, stronghold

Note: Part of the direct object "purīm Ayodhyām".

अयोध्याम् (ayodhyām) - the city Ayodhyā (Ayodhyā (the city))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ayodhyā

ayodhyā - Ayodhyā (lit. 'not to be fought with', 'invincible'); the capital city of Kosala

From a (not) + yodhya (to be fought).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yodhyā)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• yodhyā – to be fought, fit for battle
  adjective (feminine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From √yudh (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Direct object of "śaśāsa".

नृसहस्त्रसंकुलाम् (nṛsahastrasaṁkulām) - crowded with thousands of people (crowded with thousands of men)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nṛsahastrasaṃkulā

nṛsahastrasaṁkulā - crowded with thousands of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+sahasra+saṃkula)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)
• saṃkula – crowded, filled, confused
  adjective (neuter)
  From sam-√kul (to collect, crowd).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kul (class 10)

Note: Modifies "purīm Ayodhyām".

शशास (śaśāsa) - ruled (ruled, governed, commanded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of śās

Perfect Indicative

From √śās (to rule, teach).

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, surely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the statement.

शक्रसमः (śakrasamaḥ) - equal to Indra

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakrasama

śakrasama - equal to Indra (Śakra)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śakra+sama)

• śakra – Indra (king of gods), powerful, mighty
  proper noun (masculine)
• sama – equal, similar, like
  adjective

Note: Modifies "mahīpatiḥ".

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - the king (king, lord of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, sovereign, lord of the earth

From mahī (earth) + pati (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, owner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.