वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-43, verse-1

स गत्वा सागरं राजा गङ्गयानुगतस्तदा ।
प्रविवेश तलं भूमेर्यत्र ते भस्मसात्कृताः ॥१॥

1. sa gatvā sāgaraṃ rājā gaṅgayānugatastadā ,
praviveśa talaṃ bhūmeryatra te bhasmasātkṛtāḥ.

1. saḥ gatvā sāgaram rājā gaṅgayā anugataḥ tadā
praviveśa talam bhūmeḥ yatra te bhasmasātkṛtāḥ

1. saḥ rājā gatvā sāgaram gaṅgayā anugataḥ tadā
yatra te bhasmasātkṛtāḥ bhūmeḥ talam praviveśa

1. Having gone to the ocean, the king, followed by Gaṅgā then, entered the depths of the earth, where they (the sons of Sagara) were turned to ashes.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (King Bhagīratha) (he, that)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone (having gone, after going)

• सागरम् (sāgaram) - the ocean (ocean, sea)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (Bhagīratha) (king)

• गङ्गया (gaṅgayā) - by Gaṅgā

• अनुगतः (anugataḥ) - followed (by Gaṅgā) (followed, accompanied by)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered

• तलम् (talam) - the depths (of the earth) (surface, bottom, depth, flat ground)

• भूमेः (bhūmeḥ) - of the earth

• यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place)

• ते (te) - they (the sons of Sagara) (they)

• भस्मसात्कृताः (bhasmasātkṛtāḥ) - turned into ashes (turned into ashes, reduced to ashes)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (King Bhagīratha) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to King Bhagīratha.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone (having gone, after going)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'gam' with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: gam (class 1)

सागरम् (sāgaram) - the ocean (ocean, sea)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

Note: Object of 'gatvā'.

राजा (rājā) - the king (Bhagīratha) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Subject of the sentence.

गङ्गया (gaṅgayā) - by Gaṅgā

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the river Ganges, a sacred river in India

Note: Agent in passive construction.

अनुगतः (anugataḥ) - followed (by Gaṅgā) (followed, accompanied by)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anugata

anugata - followed, accompanied, gone after

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'anu-' and root 'gam' (to go).

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'tad' (that) with the suffix '-dā'.

प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of viś

Perfect active indicative

From prefix 'pra-' and root 'viś' (Class 6).

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

तलम् (talam) - the depths (of the earth) (surface, bottom, depth, flat ground)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tala

tala - surface, plane, bottom, palm of hand, sole of foot, depth

Note: Object of 'praviveśa'.

भूमेः (bhūmeḥ) - of the earth

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

Note: Qualifies 'talam'.

यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'yad' (which) with the suffix '-tra'.

Note: Introduces a relative clause.

ते (te) - they (the sons of Sagara) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sons of Sagara.

भस्मसात्कृताः (bhasmasātkṛtāḥ) - turned into ashes (turned into ashes, reduced to ashes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhasmasātkṛta

bhasmasātkṛta - made into ashes, reduced to ashes

Past Passive Participle

Compound with 'bhasmasāt' (turned to ashes) and 'kṛta' (made, done).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (bhasman+sāt+kṛta)

• bhasman – ash, cinders
  noun (neuter)
• sāt – suffix forming adverbs meaning "to become, to turn into"
  suffix
  This is an adverbial suffix (kvip-ending).
• kṛta – made, done, performed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

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