महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-33, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तस्मिन्युद्धे महाराज संप्रवृत्ते सुदारुणे ।
उपविष्टेषु सर्वेषु पाण्डवेषु महात्मसु ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tasminyuddhe mahārāja saṁpravṛtte sudāruṇe ,
upaviṣṭeṣu sarveṣu pāṇḍaveṣu mahātmasu.

1. saṃjaya uvāca tasmin yuddhe mahārāja saṃpravṛtte
sudāruṇe upaviṣṭeṣu sarveṣu pāṇḍaveṣu mahātmasu

1. saṃjaya uvāca mahārāja tasmin sudāruṇe yuddhe
saṃpravṛtte sarveṣu mahātmasu pāṇḍaveṣu upaviṣṭeṣu

1. Sanjaya said: 'O great King, when that exceedingly fierce battle had commenced, and all the great-souled (mahātman) Pandavas were seated...'

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle, war

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Refers to Dhritarashtra. (O great king)

• संप्रवृत्ते (saṁpravṛtte) - having commenced, having begun

• सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - very terrible, exceedingly fierce

• उपविष्टेषु (upaviṣṭeṣu) - among those seated, when they were seated

• सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - among all

• पाण्डवेषु (pāṇḍaveṣu) - among the Pandavas

• महात्मसु (mahātmasu) - among the great-souled, noble ones

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name), victory, complete triumph

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Indicative

From root vac, conjugated in 3rd person singular perfect active.

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'yuddhe'.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle, war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (originally)

Derived from root yudh (to fight) + kta suffix, then nominalized.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Denotes the location/circumstance.

महाराज (mahārāja) - Refers to Dhritarashtra. (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'rājan' (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Sanjaya is addressing Dhritarashtra.

संप्रवृत्ते (saṁpravṛtte) - having commenced, having begun

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃpravṛtta

saṁpravṛtta - commenced, begun, engaged, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to be, exist) with upasargas saṃ and pra, + kta suffix.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yuddhe' in a locative absolute construction.

सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - very terrible, exceedingly fierce

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very terrible, exceedingly fierce, extremely dreadful

Compound of 'su' (very, intensely) and 'dāruṇa' (terrible).

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very, intensely
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – terrible, dreadful, fierce, cruel
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'yuddhe'.

उपविष्टेषु (upaviṣṭeṣu) - among those seated, when they were seated

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, sat down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root viś (to enter) with upasarga upa, + kta suffix.

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍaveṣu' and 'sarveṣu' in a locative absolute construction.

सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - among all

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍaveṣu'.

पाण्डवेषु (pāṇḍaveṣu) - among the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Derived from Pāṇḍu + a (taddhita suffix).

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction.

महात्मसु (mahātmasu) - among the great-souled, noble ones

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, eminent, supreme spirit (ātman)

Compound of 'mahat' (great) and 'ātman' (soul, self).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍaveṣu'.