महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-33, verse-2

ततस्तालध्वजो रामस्तयोर्युद्ध उपस्थिते ।
श्रुत्वा तच्छिष्ययो राजन्नाजगाम हलायुधः ॥२॥

2. tatastāladhvajo rāmastayoryuddha upasthite ,
śrutvā tacchiṣyayo rājannājagāma halāyudhaḥ.

2. tataḥ tāladhvajaḥ rāmaḥ tayoḥ yuddhe upasthite
śrutvā tat śiṣyayoḥ rājan ājagāma halāyudhaḥ

2. rājan tataḥ tāladhvajaḥ halāyudhaḥ rāmaḥ tayoḥ
tat śiṣyayoḥ yuddhe upasthite śrutvā ājagāma

2. O King, then Balarama (Rāma), who has a palm tree on his banner (tāladhvaja) and a plough as his weapon (halāyudha), arrived after hearing that the fight between his two disciples had begun.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, thereafter

• तालध्वजः (tāladhvajaḥ) - Balarama (one whose banner is a palm tree (epithet of Balarama))

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Balarama (Rama, Balarama)

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - Refers to Duryodhana and Bhima. (of those two, among those two)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle, fight

• उपस्थिते (upasthite) - having occurred, having begun, when it had commenced

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the previously mentioned two (Bhima and Duryodhana). (that, those)

• शिष्ययोः (śiṣyayoḥ) - Of Bhima and Duryodhana, Balarama's disciples. (of the two disciples)

• राजन् (rājan) - Refers to Dhritarashtra. (O king)

• आजगाम (ājagāma) - he came, arrived

• हलायुधः (halāyudhaḥ) - Balarama (one whose weapon is a plough (epithet of Balarama))

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, thereafter

(indeclinable)

तालध्वजः (tāladhvajaḥ) - Balarama (one whose banner is a palm tree (epithet of Balarama))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāladhvaja

tāladhvaja - one whose banner is a palm tree

Compound of 'tāla' (palm tree) and 'dhvaja' (banner). Epithet of Balarama.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tāla+dhvaja)

• tāla – palm tree, musical measure
  noun (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Balarama, subject of 'ājagāma'.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Balarama (Rama, Balarama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (various figures, here Balarama), pleasant, charming

Note: Subject of 'ājagāma'.

तयोः (tayoḥ) - Refers to Duryodhana and Bhima. (of those two, among those two)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Duryodhana and Bhima, the two disciples who were fighting.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle, fight

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (originally)

Derived from root yudh (to fight) + kta suffix, then nominalized.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'upasthite'.

उपस्थिते (upasthite) - having occurred, having begun, when it had commenced

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of upasthita

upasthita - present, near, commenced, ready

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with upasarga upa, + kta suffix.

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yuddhe' in a locative absolute construction.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru (to hear) + ktvā suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'ājagāma'.

तत् (tat) - Refers to the previously mentioned two (Bhima and Duryodhana). (that, those)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Acts as a demonstrative adjective for 'śiṣyayoḥ'.

शिष्ययोः (śiṣyayoḥ) - Of Bhima and Duryodhana, Balarama's disciples. (of the two disciples)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, pupil, student

From root śās (to teach) + ya suffix.

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Refers to Bhima and Duryodhana.

राजन् (rājan) - Refers to Dhritarashtra. (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Sanjaya is addressing Dhritarashtra.

आजगाम (ājagāma) - he came, arrived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect Indicative

From root gam (to go) with upasarga ā (towards), conjugated in 3rd person singular perfect active.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

हलायुधः (halāyudhaḥ) - Balarama (one whose weapon is a plough (epithet of Balarama))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of halāyudha

halāyudha - one whose weapon is a plough

Compound of 'hala' (plough) and 'āyudha' (weapon). Epithet of Balarama.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hala+āyudha)

• hala – plough
  noun (masculine)
• āyudha – weapon, instrument of war
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Balarama, subject of 'ājagāma'.