महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-43, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
सैन्धवेन निरुद्धेषु जयगृद्धिषु पाण्डुषु ।
सुघोरमभवद्युद्धं त्वदीयानां परैः सह ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
saindhavena niruddheṣu jayagṛddhiṣu pāṇḍuṣu ,
sughoramabhavadyuddhaṁ tvadīyānāṁ paraiḥ saha.

1. saṃjaya uvāca saindhavena niruddheṣu jayagṛddhiṣu
pāṇḍuṣu sughoram abhavat yuddham tvadīyānām paraiḥ saha

1. saṃjaya uvāca saindhavena niruddheṣu jayagṛddhiṣu pāṇḍuṣu,
tvadīyānām paraiḥ saha sughoram yuddham abhavat

1. Sañjaya said: When the Pāṇḍavas, who were eager for victory, were obstructed by Saindhava, a very terrible battle took place between your warriors and the enemies.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सैन्धवेन (saindhavena) - by Jayadratha (by Saindhava)

• निरुद्धेषु (niruddheṣu) - obstructed, checked, restrained

• जयगृद्धिषु (jayagṛddhiṣu) - eager for victory, desirous of triumph

• पाण्डुषु (pāṇḍuṣu) - among the Pāṇḍavas, concerning the Pāṇḍavas

• सुघोरम् (sughoram) - very terrible, extremely dreadful

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, ensued, took place

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

• त्वदीयानाम् (tvadīyānām) - of your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) warriors/forces (of your men, of your relatives)

• परैः (paraiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas and their allies (by the enemies, by others)

• सह (saha) - with, along with

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Indicative

Perfect tense, parasmaipada, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

सैन्धवेन (saindhavena) - by Jayadratha (by Saindhava)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - relating to Sindhu, an inhabitant of Sindhu, Jayadratha (king of Sindhu)

Taddhita derivative from 'Sindhu'.

निरुद्धेषु (niruddheṣu) - obstructed, checked, restrained

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of niruddha

niruddha - obstructed, checked, restrained, confined

Past Passive Participle

From root 'rudh' (to obstruct) with prefix 'nir'.

Prefix: nir

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'pāṇḍuṣu'.

जयगृद्धिषु (jayagṛddhiṣu) - eager for victory, desirous of triumph

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of jayagṛddhi

jayagṛddhi - desire for victory, eagerness for triumph

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jaya+gṛddhi)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
• gṛddhi – greed, eagerness, desire
  noun (feminine)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'pāṇḍuṣu'.

पाण्डुषु (pāṇḍuṣu) - among the Pāṇḍavas, concerning the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pāṇḍu (name of a king, father of the Pāṇḍavas)

Note: The subject of the locative absolute construction.

सुघोरम् (sughoram) - very terrible, extremely dreadful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sughora

sughora - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+ghora)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
• ghora – terrible, dreadful, fearful
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'yuddham'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, ensued, took place

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Indicative

Imperfect tense, parasmaipada, 3rd person singular.

Root: bhū (class 1)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

त्वदीयानाम् (tvadīyānām) - of your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) warriors/forces (of your men, of your relatives)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tvadīya

tvadīya - your, belonging to you, relating to you, your people

Taddhita derivative from 'tvad' (you).

Note: Refers to Duryodhana's army, the Kauravas.

परैः (paraiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas and their allies (by the enemies, by others)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, enemy, supreme, distant

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍava army.

सह (saha) - with, along with

(indeclinable)