महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-77, verse-16

स जानंस्तस्य चात्मानं मम चैव परं मतम् ।
अजानन्निव चाकस्मादर्जुनाद्याभिशङ्कसे ॥१६॥

16. sa jānaṁstasya cātmānaṁ mama caiva paraṁ matam ,
ajānanniva cākasmādarjunādyābhiśaṅkase.

16. sa jānan tasya ca ātmānam mama ca eva param matam
ajānan iva ca ākasmāt arjuna adya abhiśaṅkase

16. You (Yudhiṣṭhira), knowing his (Duryodhana's) true nature (ātman) and also my ultimate intention (matam), O Arjuna, nonetheless, as if unknowingly, you suddenly, today, harbor suspicion.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that (one)

• जानन् (jānan) - knowing, understanding

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the self, soul, true nature (ātman)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

• परम् (param) - highest, supreme, ultimate, excellent

• मतम् (matam) - opinion, view, intention, doctrine, thought

• अजानन् (ajānan) - not knowing, unaware

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• आकस्मात् (ākasmāt) - suddenly, unexpectedly, without cause

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• अभिशङ्कसे (abhiśaṅkase) - you suspect, you doubt

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Grammatically 3rd person, but here functioning with an implied 2nd person subject for the main verb.

जानन् (jānan) - knowing, understanding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing, aware

Present Active Participle

From √jñā (to know) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: jñā (class 9)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Possessive, modifies 'ātmānam'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'tasya ātmānam' with 'mama param matam'.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the self, soul, true nature (ātman)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, individual (ātman)

Root: an (class 2)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (pronoun)

Note: Possessive, modifies 'param matam'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'eva' for emphasis.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

परम् (param) - highest, supreme, ultimate, excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - highest, supreme, ultimate, excellent, other, distant

मतम् (matam) - opinion, view, intention, doctrine, thought

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - opinion, view, intention, doctrine, thought, considered

Past Passive Participle (of √man)

From √man (to think, believe).

Root: man (class 4)

अजानन् (ajānan) - not knowing, unaware

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajānat

ajānat - not knowing, unaware, ignorant

Present Active Participle (negative)

From 'a' (not) + √jñā (to know) + śatṛ suffix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jānat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• jānat – knowing, aware
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From √jñā + śatṛ
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used adverbially with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

आकस्मात् (ākasmāt) - suddenly, unexpectedly, without cause

(indeclinable)

From 'a' (not) + 'kasma' (cause, reason).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (a+kasma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• kasma – cause, reason
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverb modifying 'abhiśaṅkase'.

अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (proper name, 'white, clear, silver')

Note: Direct address, often used by Kṛṣṇa or others to Arjuna. Here by Vidura.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

अभिशङ्कसे (abhiśaṅkase) - you suspect, you doubt

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √śaṅk

Present Tense, Middle Voice

From abhi-√śaṅk (1st class śaṅka).

Prefix: abhi

Root: śaṅk (class 1)