महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-61, verse-7

एवं ब्रुवाणं तमुवाच भीष्मः किं कत्थसे कालपरीतबुद्धे ।
न कर्ण जानासि यथा प्रधाने हते हताः स्युर्धृतराष्ट्रपुत्राः ॥७॥

7. evaṁ bruvāṇaṁ tamuvāca bhīṣmaḥ; kiṁ katthase kālaparītabuddhe ,
na karṇa jānāsi yathā pradhāne; hate hatāḥ syurdhṛtarāṣṭraputrāḥ.

7. evam bruvāṇam tam uvāca bhīṣmaḥ
kim katthase kālaparītabuddhe
na karṇa jānāsi yathā pradhāne
hate hatāḥ syuḥ dhṛtarāṣṭraputrāḥ

7. To him, speaking thus, Bhīṣma said: 'Why do you boast, O you whose intellect is clouded by impending death (kāla)? O Karṇa, do you not know that if the principal leaders are slain, the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra would also be vanquished?'

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• ब्रुवाणम् (bruvāṇam) - to him who was speaking (Karṇa) (speaking, saying)

• तम् (tam) - Karṇa (him, that)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

• किम् (kim) - why (interrogative adverb) (what, why)

• कत्थसे (katthase) - you boast, you praise yourself

• कालपरीतबुद्धे (kālaparītabuddhe) - O Karṇa, whose judgment and understanding are obscured or overtaken by fate or impending death (O you whose intellect is seized by time/death)

• न (na) - not, no

• कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karṇa

• जानासि (jānāsi) - you know

• यथा (yathā) - that (introducing a dependent clause) (as, how, that)

• प्रधाने (pradhāne) - when the principal (leader) is (killed) (in the chief, in the principal)

• हते (hate) - if (the leader) is killed (in/on the killed one, having been killed)

• हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, slain

• स्युः (syuḥ) - they would be, they should be

• धृतराष्ट्रपुत्राः (dhṛtarāṣṭraputrāḥ) - the Kaurava princes, including Duryodhana (sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवाणम् (bruvāṇam) - to him who was speaking (Karṇa) (speaking, saying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bruvāṇa

brū - to speak, to say, to tell

Present Participle

Present Ātmanepada participle of root 'brū'

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'tam'.

तम् (tam) - Karṇa (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Parasmaipada ending.

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (proper name), terrible, formidable

किम् (kim) - why (interrogative adverb) (what, why)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an interrogative adverb here.

कत्थसे (katthase) - you boast, you praise yourself

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of katth

Root: katth (class 1)

Note: Ātmanepada ending.

कालपरीतबुद्धे (kālaparītabuddhe) - O Karṇa, whose judgment and understanding are obscured or overtaken by fate or impending death (O you whose intellect is seized by time/death)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kālaparītabuddhi

kālaparītabuddhi - one whose intellect is taken over by time (or destiny/death)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāla+parīta+buddhi)

• kāla – time, death, destiny
  noun (masculine)
• parīta – surrounded, seized, encompassed, overtaken
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root 'i' with prefixes 'pari' and 'ā'
  Prefixes: pari+ā
  Root: i (class 2)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, perception, mind
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'budh' (to know)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Addressing Karṇa with this epithet.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karṇa

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper name), ear

जानासि (jānāsi) - you know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Parasmaipada ending.

यथा (yathā) - that (introducing a dependent clause) (as, how, that)

(indeclinable)

प्रधाने (pradhāne) - when the principal (leader) is (killed) (in the chief, in the principal)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pradhāna

pradhāna - chief, principal, important person or thing, primordial nature (prakṛti)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'hate'.

हते (hate) - if (the leader) is killed (in/on the killed one, having been killed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed, slain

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'han'

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'pradhāne'.

हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed, slain

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'han'

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'dhṛtarāṣṭraputrāḥ'.

स्युः (syuḥ) - they would be, they should be

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Parasmaipada ending.

धृतराष्ट्रपुत्राः (dhṛtarāṣṭraputrāḥ) - the Kaurava princes, including Duryodhana (sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhṛtarāṣṭraputra

dhṛtarāṣṭraputra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dhṛtarāṣṭra+putra)

• dhṛtarāṣṭra – Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name, the blind king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)