महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-196, verse-19

वणिजो गणिका वारा ये चैव प्रेक्षका जनाः ।
सर्वांस्तान्कौरवो राजा विधिवत्प्रत्यवैक्षत ॥१९॥

19. vaṇijo gaṇikā vārā ye caiva prekṣakā janāḥ ,
sarvāṁstānkauravo rājā vidhivatpratyavaikṣata.

19. vaṇijaḥ gaṇikāḥ vārāḥ ye ca eva prekṣakāḥ janāḥ
sarvān tān kauravaḥ rājā vidhi-vat pratyavaikṣata

19. kauravaḥ rājā sarvān tān vaṇijaḥ gaṇikāḥ vārāḥ ye ca eva prekṣakāḥ janāḥ vidhi-vat pratyavaikṣata.

19. Merchants, courtesans, and public women, and indeed those people who were spectators—all those the Kuru king properly inspected.

Words meanings summery:

• वणिजः (vaṇijaḥ) - merchants

• गणिकाः (gaṇikāḥ) - courtesans, public women

• वाराः (vārāḥ) - public women, courtesans (or those who serve in turns)

• ये (ye) - those who

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the preceding 'ca' (and indeed). (indeed, only, just)

• प्रेक्षकाः (prekṣakāḥ) - spectators, onlookers

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, folk

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

• तान् (tān) - those

• कौरवः (kauravaḥ) - The Kuru king (Duryodhana, or generally 'the Kuru king'). (Kuru, relating to the Kurus)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• विधि-वत् (vidhi-vat) - according to rule, properly, ritually

• प्रत्यवैक्षत (pratyavaikṣata) - he inspected, he observed

Words meanings and morphology

वणिजः (vaṇijaḥ) - merchants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaṇij

vaṇij - merchant, trader

गणिकाः (gaṇikāḥ) - courtesans, public women

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of gaṇikā

gaṇikā - courtesan, prostitute, public woman

Feminine form of 'gaṇika' (one who counts, a member of a group).

Root: gaṇ (class 10)

वाराः (vārāḥ) - public women, courtesans (or those who serve in turns)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vārā

vārā - public women, courtesans (often used in compounds like 'vārāṅganā', 'vāra-strī'); also, turns/opportunities (feminine plural of 'vāra')

Possibly from 'vāra' meaning 'turn' in the sense of 'public women who take turns'.

ये (ye) - those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - who, which, that

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the preceding 'ca' (and indeed). (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

प्रेक्षकाः (prekṣakāḥ) - spectators, onlookers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prekṣaka

prekṣaka - spectator, observer, one who looks on

agent noun

From prefix 'pra' + root 'īkṣ' (to see), with suffix 'aka'.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, folk

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers back to the listed groups of people.

कौरवः (kauravaḥ) - The Kuru king (Duryodhana, or generally 'the Kuru king'). (Kuru, relating to the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kuru dynasty

From Kuru with patronymic suffix.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

विधि-वत् (vidhi-vat) - according to rule, properly, ritually

(indeclinable)

Formed with the suffix '-vat' (like, according to) from 'vidhi' (rule).

प्रत्यवैक्षत (pratyavaikṣata) - he inspected, he observed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pratyavaikṣ

From prefix 'prati' + prefix 'ava' + root 'īkṣ' (to see).

Prefixes: prati+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)