महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-196, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततः प्रभाते विमले धार्तराष्ट्रेण चोदिताः ।
दुर्योधनेन राजानः प्रययुः पाण्डवान्प्रति ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tataḥ prabhāte vimale dhārtarāṣṭreṇa coditāḥ ,
duryodhanena rājānaḥ prayayuḥ pāṇḍavānprati.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ prabhāte vimale dhārtarāṣṭreṇa
coditāḥ duryodhanena rājānaḥ prayayuḥ pāṇḍavān prati

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ vimale prabhāte dhārtarāṣṭreṇa
duryodhanena coditāḥ rājānaḥ pāṇḍavān prati prayayuḥ

1. Vaishampayana said: Then, in the clear morning, the kings, incited by Duryodhana (son of Dhritarashtra), marched towards the Pandavas.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The sage Vaishampayana, who narrates the Mahabharata to King Janamejaya. (Vaishampayana (a proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• प्रभाते (prabhāte) - in the morning, at dawn

• विमले (vimale) - clear, spotless, pure

• धार्तराष्ट्रेण (dhārtarāṣṭreṇa) - by Duryodhana (by the son of Dhritarashtra)

• चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - urged, incited, impelled

• दुर्योधनेन (duryodhanena) - by Duryodhana

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - The allied kings fighting for the Kauravas. (the kings)

• प्रययुः (prayayuḥ) - they proceeded, went forth, advanced

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - The five sons of Pandu, the opposing army. (the Pandavas)

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, to

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The sage Vaishampayana, who narrates the Mahabharata to King Janamejaya. (Vaishampayana (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaishampayana (a proper name, a sage and disciple of Vyasa)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active 3rd singular of vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

प्रभाते (prabhāte) - in the morning, at dawn

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of prabhāta

prabhāta - morning, dawn

Past Passive Participle

From prefix pra + root bhā (to shine), meaning 'shone forth' and used as a noun 'dawn/morning'.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhā (class 2)

विमले (vimale) - clear, spotless, pure

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vimala

vimala - spotless, clean, pure, clear

Note: Agrees with 'prabhāte'.

धार्तराष्ट्रेण (dhārtarāṣṭreṇa) - by Duryodhana (by the son of Dhritarashtra)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhritarashtra, descendant of Dhritarashtra

Patronymic from Dhritarashtra.

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - urged, incited, impelled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of codita

codita - urged, impelled, incited

Past Passive Participle

From root cud (to impel) + kta suffix.

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Functions as a predicate or a nominative adjective.

दुर्योधनेन (duryodhanena) - by Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (a proper name, the eldest Kaurava)

Note: Agent for 'coditāḥ'.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - The allied kings fighting for the Kauravas. (the kings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of the verb 'prayayuḥ'.

प्रययुः (prayayuḥ) - they proceeded, went forth, advanced

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of i

Perfect active 3rd plural of root i with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - The five sons of Pandu, the opposing army. (the Pandavas)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, a Pandava

Patronymic from Pandu.

Note: Object of the preposition 'prati'.

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, to

(indeclinable)

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