महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-189, verse-18

अहमेकस्तु चारेण वचनान्नारदस्य च ।
ज्ञातवान्देववाक्येन अम्बायास्तपसा तथा ॥१८॥

18. ahamekastu cāreṇa vacanānnāradasya ca ,
jñātavāndevavākyena ambāyāstapasā tathā.

18. aham ekaḥ tu cāreṇa vacanāt nāradasya ca
jñātavān devavākyena ambāyāḥ tapasā tathā

18. aham ekaḥ tu cāreṇa nāradasya vacanāt ca
devavākyena tathā ambāyāḥ tapasā jñātavān

18. I alone, however, came to know this through a spy, by Nārada's words, by a divine voice, and also by Ambā's asceticism (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• अहम् (aham) - I

• एकः (ekaḥ) - I alone (one, alone, unique)

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• चारेण (cāreṇa) - by means of a spy (by a spy, by a secret agent, by means of wandering)

• वचनात् (vacanāt) - from the words (of Nārada) (from the word, from the statement)

• नारदस्य (nāradasya) - of Nārada

• च (ca) - and, also

• ज्ञातवान् (jñātavān) - came to know (having known, he knew)

• देववाक्येन (devavākyena) - by a divine voice, by a divine word

• अम्बायाः (ambāyāḥ) - of Ambā

• तपसा (tapasā) - by Ambā's penance (tapas) (by asceticism, by penance, by spiritual austerity)

• तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, likewise, also)

Words meanings and morphology

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of 'jñātavān'.

एकः (ekaḥ) - I alone (one, alone, unique)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

चारेण (cāreṇa) - by means of a spy (by a spy, by a secret agent, by means of wandering)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of cāra

cāra - spy, secret agent, movement

From root car- (to move, to wander)

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means by which knowledge was obtained.

वचनात् (vacanāt) - from the words (of Nārada) (from the word, from the statement)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying

From root vac- (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Indicates the source of knowledge.

नारदस्य (nāradasya) - of Nārada

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Nārada (a divine sage)

Note: Modifies 'vacanāt'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'vacanāt nāradasya' as another means of knowledge.

ज्ञातवान् (jñātavān) - came to know (having known, he knew)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñātavat

jñā - to know, to understand

Past Active Participle

From root jñā- (to know) + tavat suffix. This participle often functions as a finite verb in narrative contexts.

Root: jñā (class 9)

देववाक्येन (devavākyena) - by a divine voice, by a divine word

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of devavākya

devavākya - divine word, divine utterance

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+vākya)

• deva – god, divine
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• vākya – word, speech, sentence
  noun (neuter)
  From root vac- (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Indicates another means of gaining knowledge.

अम्बायाः (ambāyāḥ) - of Ambā

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of ambā

ambā - mother, Ambā (proper noun)

Note: Modifies 'tapasā'.

तपसा (tapasā) - by Ambā's penance (tapas) (by asceticism, by penance, by spiritual austerity)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, penance, asceticism, spiritual austerity

From root tap- (to heat, to burn)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Indicates another means of gaining knowledge.

तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, likewise, also)

(indeclinable)