महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-188, verse-5

नाहत्वा युधि गाङ्गेयं निवर्तेयं तपोधनाः ।
एष मे हृदि संकल्पो यदर्थमिदमुद्यतम् ॥५॥

5. nāhatvā yudhi gāṅgeyaṁ nivarteyaṁ tapodhanāḥ ,
eṣa me hṛdi saṁkalpo yadarthamidamudyatam.

5. na ahatvā yudhi gāṅgeyam nivarteyam tapodhanāḥ
eṣa me hṛdi saṃkalpaḥ yat-artham idam udyatam

5. tapodhanāḥ,
gāṅgeyam yudhi na ahatvā (aham) na nivarteyam.
eṣa me hṛdi saṃkalpaḥ,
yat-artham idam udyatam.

5. O ascetics, without killing Gangeya in battle, I shall not turn back. This is the firm resolve (saṃkalpa) in my heart, for which this (endeavor) has been undertaken.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अहत्वा (ahatvā) - without killing, not having killed

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

• गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - Bhishma (son of Ganga (Bhishma))

• निवर्तेयम् (nivarteyam) - I would turn back, I would retreat

• तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - O ascetics (O ascetics, O those whose wealth is austerity)

• एष (eṣa) - this (masculine nominative)

• मे (me) - my (resolve) (my, to me, by me)

• हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart, in the mind

• संकल्पः (saṁkalpaḥ) - firm resolve, intention, determination, vow

• यत्-अर्थम् (yat-artham) - for the sake of which, for what purpose

• इदम् (idam) - this (undertaking/endeavor) (this, this one (neuter nominative/accusative))

• उद्यतम् (udyatam) - undertaken, prepared, ready, raised

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects with `ahatvā` to mean "without killing".

अहत्वा (ahatvā) - without killing, not having killed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) with negation `a-`.

Negated absolutive of root `han`.

Root: han (class 2)

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - Bhishma (son of Ganga (Bhishma))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gāṅgeya

gāṅgeya - son of Ganga, Bhishma

A patronymic from `gaṅgā`.

Note: Object of `ahatvā`.

निवर्तेयम् (nivarteyam) - I would turn back, I would retreat

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of nivṛt

Optative mood, first person singular.

From root `vṛt` (class 1, ātmanepada) with prefix `ni`. Optative form `nivarteta` (3rd sing), `nivarteyam` (1st sing).

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Expresses a resolution or strong intention.

तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - O ascetics (O ascetics, O those whose wealth is austerity)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of tapodhana

tapodhana - rich in austerity, one whose wealth is religious austerity, ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – austerity, heat, religious devotion
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)

Note: Addressing the ascetics.

एष (eṣa) - this (masculine nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

Note: Refers to `saṃkalpaḥ`.

मे (me) - my (resolve) (my, to me, by me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart, in the mind

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of hṛd

hṛd - heart, mind, breast, core

संकल्पः (saṁkalpaḥ) - firm resolve, intention, determination, vow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkalpa

saṁkalpa - firm resolve, intention, determination, vow, conception, will

From root `kḷp` with prefix `sam`.

Prefix: sam

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Subject of the second sentence.

यत्-अर्थम् (yat-artham) - for the sake of which, for what purpose

(indeclinable)

Accusative of `yad-artha`, used adverbially.

Compound type : tatpurusha (yad+artha)

• yad – which, who, what
  pronoun
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

इदम् (idam) - this (undertaking/endeavor) (this, this one (neuter nominative/accusative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Subject for `udyatam`.

उद्यतम् (udyatam) - undertaken, prepared, ready, raised

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udyata

udyata - undertaken, prepared, ready, raised, exerted

Past Passive Participle

From root `yam` with prefix `ud`.

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate.