महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-188, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
ततस्ते तापसाः सर्वे तपसे धृतनिश्चयाम् ।
दृष्ट्वा न्यवर्तयंस्तात किं कार्यमिति चाब्रुवन् ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
tataste tāpasāḥ sarve tapase dhṛtaniścayām ,
dṛṣṭvā nyavartayaṁstāta kiṁ kāryamiti cābruvan.

1. bhīṣma uvāca tataḥ te tāpasāḥ sarve tapase dhṛtaniścayām
dṛṣṭvā nyavartayan tāta kim kāryam iti ca abruvan

1. tāta,
bhīṣma uvāca: tataḥ te sarve tāpasāḥ tapase dhṛtaniścayām dṛṣṭvā (tām) nyavartayan ca "kim kāryam" iti abruvan.

1. Bhishma said: "Then, O dear one, all those ascetics, seeing her firm in her resolve for ascetic practice (tapas), dissuaded her and asked, 'What is to be done?'"

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, subsequently

• ते (te) - those

• तापसाः (tāpasāḥ) - ascetics, hermits

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, whole

• तपसे (tapase) - for penance (tapas), for ascetic practice

• धृतनिश्चयाम् (dhṛtaniścayām) - having a firm resolve, resolute

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• न्यवर्तयन् (nyavartayan) - they turned back, they dissuaded

• तात (tāta) - O dear one, O son

• किम् (kim) - what?

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - what is to be done, duty, task

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• च (ca) - and, also

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke, they said

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a character in the Mahābhārata); terrible, dreadful

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, subsequently

(indeclinable)

Note: particle

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तापसाः (tāpasāḥ) - ascetics, hermits

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāpasa

tāpasa - ascetic, hermit, one who performs tapas

सर्वे (sarve) - all, whole

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

तपसे (tapase) - for penance (tapas), for ascetic practice

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - ascetic practice, penance, heat (tapas), religious austerity

धृतनिश्चयाम् (dhṛtaniścayām) - having a firm resolve, resolute

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhṛtaniścaya

dhṛtaniścaya - having a firm resolve, determined, resolute

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+niścaya)

• dhṛta – held, borne, taken, firm
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from √dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• niścaya – firm resolve, determination, certainty
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: nis
  Root: ci (class 5)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

formed from √dṛś (to see) + tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

न्यवर्तयन् (nyavartayan) - they turned back, they dissuaded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √vṛt

causative form of √vṛt, meaning 'to cause to turn, to dissuade'

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तात (tāta) - O dear one, O son

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - dear one, father, son (term of endearment)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

कार्यम् (kāryam) - what is to be done, duty, task

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, fit to be done; work, action, business, duty

Gerundive

derived from √kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: conjunction

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke, they said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √brū

Root: brū (class 2)